20.500.12556/DiRROS-28050 Manjšinsko vprašanje, disimilacija in bistvo narodnosti Josip Wilfan in vprašanje Judov v Nemčiji, 1933–1934 The Minority Question, Dissimilation, and the Essence of Nationality Pričujoči prispevek obravnava pomembno poglavje iz dela slovenskega tržaškega politika Josipa Wilfana, ki je kot predsednik Evropskega kongresa narodnosti sodil med najbolj izpostavljene akterje v evropskem gibanju narodnih manjšin med obema vojnama. Pri tem se osredotoča na njegovo vlogo in razmišljanje v enem najbolj kritičnih obdobij za Evropski kongres narodnosti v letih 1933 in 1934, ko so v Nemčiji zavladali nacionalsocialisti in se je v tej državi pričelo organizirano preganjanje Judov. Spričo dogajanja je bil Evropski kongres narodnosti, v katerem so Judje tvorili enega najpomembnejših členov, leta 1933 postavljen v zelo neprijeten položaj. Medtem ko so judovski predstavniki od kongresa zahtevali nedvoumno obsodbo nacistične politike, so se v njem najštevilčneje zastopane nemške manjšine temu skušale izogniti. Wilfan se je tako znašel na presečišču interesov in teženj, hkrati pa je bil soočen tudi s pomembnimi moralnimi, načelnimi in konceptualnimi premisleki. Ti so v marsikaterem pogledu presegali okvir vprašanja nemških Judov ter se navezovali na nekatera ključna vprašanja medvojne manjšinske politike. Na podlagi podrobne analize arhivskega gradiva ter drugih zgodovinskih virov si prispevek prizadeva orisati Wilfanovo ravnanje spričo notranje krize Evropskega kongresa narodnosti ter razčleniti njegovo osebno razmišljanje o položaju nemških Judov ter nanj vezanemu širšemu problemskemu kompleksu. Podrobni rekonstrukciji dogajanja v letih 1933 in 1934 v prvem delu prispevka tako v drugem delu sledi analiza Wilfanove korespondence z različnimi akterji znotraj in zunaj kongresa. Ta nakazuje kompleksnost njegovega razmišljanja o problemu, do katerega je pristopal z upoštevanjem različnih zornih kotov, hkrati pa moral upoštevati tudi praktični moment ohranjanja pogojev za nemoteno nadaljnje delo kongresa. Razpetosti med zasebnim pogledom na situacijo ter uradnim stališčem organizacije, ki jo je vodil, je bila pri tem pridružena tudi mera napetosti med Wilfanovo koncepcijo narodnosti ter širšimi vidiki enakosti in človekovih pravic, ki jim je skušal vseskozi ostajati zvest. This article examines a significant chapter in the work of Josip Wilfan, a Slovenian politician from Trieste who, as president of the European Congress of Nationalities, was among the most prominent figures in the European national minority movement during the interwar period. It focuses on his role and thinking at one of the most critical moments in the history of the Congress (1933–1934), when the National Socialists came to power in Germany and the systematic persecution of Jews began. In light of these developments, the European Congress of Nationalities – within which Jewish representatives constituted one of the most important groups – found itself in a highly uncomfortable position. While Jewish delegates demanded that the Congress unequivocally condemn Nazi policies, the German minorities, which were the most numerously represented within the Congress, sought to avoid such a stance. Wilfan thus found himself caught between conflicting interests and tendencies, while simultaneously confronting profound moral, principled, and conceptual dilemmas. In many respects, these dilemmas extended beyond the specific issue of German Jews and touched upon some of the central questions of interwar minority politics. Based on a detailed analysis of archival materials and other historical sources, the article traces Wilfan’s responses to the internal crisis of the European Congress of Nationalities and examines his personal reflections on the situation of German Jews and the broader constellation of issues associated therewith. The first part of the article offers a detailed reconstruction of events in 1933 and 1934, while the second part analyses Wilfan’s correspondence with various actors within and outside the Congress. This correspondence reveals the complexity of his thinking, as he approached the problem from multiple perspectives while also taking into account the practical necessity of preserving the conditions for the continued functioning of the Congress. The tension between Wilfan’s personal views and the official position of the organization he led was further intensified by the divergence between his idea of nationality and broader principles of equality and human rights, to which he sought to remain faithful throughout. manjšine Judje nacizem Josip Wilfan disimilacija manjšinske pravice človekove pravice minorities Jews Nazism Josip Wilfan dissimilation minority rights human rights true false true Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Neznano 2026-03-09 10:26:45 2026-03-09 10:26:45 2026-03-10 03:52:28 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 Ljubljana 0 Str. 213-236 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 323.15(4)"1933/1934" 10.69070/2026_9 270907651 264592387 8.Oskar-Mulej-Manjsinsko-vprasanje-RAZNOLIKOST-IV.pdf 8.Oskar-Mulej-Manjsinsko-vprasanje-RAZNOLIKOST-IV.pdf 1 57B0125FBD01FDE9263CC577FD8F6B42 92de300b506905d5a917b853d84102dbadc62f9fcb2495af5be592f1fddc96f0 18087937-1b9a-11f1-b779-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=41409 https://inv.si/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/8.Oskar-Mulej-Manjsinsko-vprasanje-RAZNOLIKOST-IV.pdf 0 30e4658f-1b9a-11f1-b779-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=41410 Inštitut za narodnostna vprašanja 0 0 0