20.500.12556/DiRROS-27853 Vpliv tehnoloških postopkov na uspešnost kompostiranja hmeljevine Impact of the implementation on success of hop biomass composting on farms V prispevku predstavljamo rezultate kompostiranja hmeljevine (listi in stebla hmelja, ki ostanejo po obiranju storžkov) na šestih hmeljarskih kmetijah. Kompostne kupe so postavili po obiranju hmelja (začetek septembra) v letih 2023 (štiri kmetije) in 2024 (šest kmetij). Kompostiranje naj bi potekalo po smernicah za kompostiranje hmeljevine, a so imeli na kmetijah med izvajanjem postopka različne težave. Le-te smo popisali in ocenili njihov vpliv na kakovost pridelanega komposta. Kompost smo vzorčili v aprilu v letih 2024 in 2025 in ugotovili, da je imel v vseh primerih temperaturo na nivoju okoliške in bil prijetnega vonja po zemlji. Največji negativen vpliv je imelo nezadostno mešanje – v primeru, ko je bil kup jeseni premešan le dvakrat, ni bila dosežena temperatura za higienizacijo (55 oC), material je bil slabo razgrajen, vsebnost hranil v kompostu je bila srednja, razmerje C:N pa neugodno. In le na teh vzorcih je bioindikatorski test kalivosti semen kitajskega kapusa pokazal možno fitotoksičnost komposta. Slabši rezultat je bil tudi v primeru, ko je bila za postavitev kupa uporabljena premajhna gmota biomase (le 7 ton) in je bila le-ta hkrati nekoliko presuha, ter v primeru, ko so kup prekrili s polprepustno ponjavo šele v sredini decembra namesto v novembru. Mešanje kupa v času dežja v primeru presuhe biomase jeseni je pozitivno vplivalo na parametre kakovosti komposta. Kompost z najboljšimi parametri je nastal v primeru, ko so izvajali kompostiranje dosledno po smernicah - pri rednem mešanju glede na meritve temperature, uporabljeni dovolj veliki gmoti hmeljevine (15 ton) in pravočasnem pokrivanju kupov. V tem primeru je bil test kalivosti 94 % (odličen kompost, ki vzpodbuja kalitev). This paper presents the results of composting hop waste biomass (leaves and stems remaining after cone harvesting) on six hop farms. Compost piles were established right after harvest (early September) in 2023 (at four farms) and 2024 (at six farms). Although composting was intended to follow the established guidelines for waste hop biomass composting, farmers encountered various difficulties during the process. These issues were documented and their impact on the quality of the final compost was assessed. Compost samples were collected in April 2024 and 2025. In all cases, the compost temperature matched the ambient temperature and had a pleasant earthy smell. The most severe negative impact was caused by insufficient turning—specifically, when the pile was turned only twice in autumn. This compost did not reach the sanitisation temperature (55 °C), showed poor biomass decomposition, had moderate nutrient content, an unfavourable C:N ratio, and the germination test with Chinese cabbage indicated potential phytotoxicity. Other suboptimal results were observed when the initial biomass amount was too small (only 7 t), when the biomass was too dry and not moistened, and when the pile was covered with a semi-permeable membrane only in mid-December instead of in November. Conversely, turning the pile during rainfall proved beneficial in cases of overly dry biomass. The highest-quality compost was obtained when farmer followed the guidelines consistently—regular turning based on temperature measurements, using a sufficiently large amount of biomass (15 t), and timely covering of the pile. In this case, the germination test reached 94%, indicating excellent compost that promotes seed germination. hmeljevina hmelj Humulus lupulus L. kompost organsko gnojilo hop waste biomass hop Humulus lupulus L. compost organic fertilizer true false true Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Inštitut za hmeljarstvo in pivovarstvo Slovenije Neznano 2026-02-26 11:57:47 2026-02-26 11:57:47 2026-03-07 03:51:35 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Opis vira z dne 19. 12. 2025; str. 15-25 Št 32 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2025-12-19 582.630.2 2536-1988 262326019 https://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:spr-OS4I5CDJ 1 fd622b92-1301-11f1-9cb0-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=40986 VPLIV_TEHNOLOSKIH_POSTOPKOV_NA_USPESNOST_KOMPOSTIRANJA_HMELJEVINE.pdf VPLIV_TEHNOLOSKIH_POSTOPKOV_NA_USPESNOST_KOMPOSTIRANJA_HMELJEVINE.pdf 1 ADC502F26F1D07E2FE5C4AD0EC69FCD4 790c4ebda952119242c4f2f6b26780db8a1402635ca28f1443e72f66a7711a4d b6c66c56-1308-11f1-9cb0-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=41007 Inštitut za hmeljarstvo in pivovarstvo Slovenije Hmeljarski bilten 0 0 0