20.500.12556/DiRROS-27667 Critical evaluation of enzymatic extraction for quantification of europium-doped polystyrene nanoplastics in tomato tissues by single particle ICP-MS This study critically evaluates an analytical approach combining enzymatic extraction and single particle ICP-MS (spICP-MS) for quantifying europium-doped polystyrene nanoplastics (Eu-PS-NPs) bioaccumulated in tomato tissues. Optimization of extraction parameters identified citrate buffer at pH 6.5 and a digestion temperature of 37 °C as the most effective extraction conditions, while maintaining particle stability. Experiments with spiked tomato tissues demonstrated that extraction efficiency is highly tissue-specific, with optimal digestion of 24 h for stem, leaf, and fruit, and 36 h for root tissues, and enzyme concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 mg per sample. Under optimized conditions, good extraction recoveries (85 – 116 %) were achieved for particle number and mass concentrations, particle size and mass, and total Eu mass, with the majority of extracted Eu associated with NPs and around 10 % as ionic Eu. In contrast, analysis of tomato samples exposed to Eu-PS-NPs during their growth revealed substantially lower and tissue-dependent extraction recoveries. Root and stem tissues yielded only 18 – 32 % of total Eu mass concentration, while leaves showed recoveries ≤ 21 % under most extraction conditions. Fruit samples exhibited higher apparent recoveries (66 – 80 % after 24 h digestion), likely due to the acidic environment promoting Eu leaching from NPs. Across all exposed tissues, ionic Eu fraction dominates (reaching up to 97 % in fruits), indicating extensive leaching from Eu-PS-NPs in the tomato plants. These findings underscore the importance of accounting for matrix effects, metal leaching, and the limitation of extrapolating recoveries from spiked controls to exposed samples when interpreting spICP-MS data from plant exposure studies with metal-doped NPs. nanoplastics europium nanoplastika evropij true false true Elsevier Nizozemska Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik © 2026 The Authors. Neznano 2026-02-18 11:26:30 2026-02-18 11:26:31 2026-02-19 03:52:27 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Soavtorice iz Slovenije: Pia Leban, Ester Heath, Nina Kacjan Maršić, Špela Železnikar, Matejka Podlogar, Tina Radošević, Janja Vidmar; Opis vira z dne 16. 2. 2026; str. 1-13 Vol. 311, [article no.] 119873 Feb. 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 2025-10-01 2026-02-09 2026-02-11 54 1090-2414 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.119873 268580611 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651326002022?via%3Dihub 1 4c777a3c-0cb4-11f1-9c9d-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=40596 RAZ_Sahai_Harshit_2026.pdf RAZ_Sahai_Harshit_2026.pdf 1 2C99E9F5774093AC33EADD56E4809EA6 29a2e5b21d6a541e1ec29f96e0935ba916aa47aedc8e6211e193cae452ca6ef1 c014b66d-0cb4-11f1-9c9d-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=40597 Institut Jožef Stefan 0 0 0