20.500.12556/DiRROS-27524 Anisotropy limitations in additive manufacturing with material extrusion Achieving anisotropy in additively manufactured composites is essential for high-performance functional materials but remains challenging in fused filament fabrication (FFF). This study investigates a field-assisted FFF approach using strontium hexaferrite (SrFe12O19)–polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) composites, in which particle alignment is induced by processing on top of a high-strength neodymium–iron–boron (Nd–Fe–B) magnet. Two configurations were compared: (i) a continuous setup, where the growing printed material remains in direct contact with the magnet and can act as a flux-guiding core, and (ii) a spacer-based setup, where non-magnetic spacers separate the print from the field source. Structural, functional (magnetic) measurements and finite element simulations (FEMM) were used to quantify the evolution of anisotropy as a function of build height. In the continuous configuration, particle alignment—and thus macroscopic anisotropy—remains high up to about 20 mm, with 0.90, and then gradually declines while still being detectable at 57.5 mm. Spacer-printed samples lose anisotropy much earlier, with approaching isotropic values (∼0.5) beyond 20–25 mm. Simulations reproduce these trends and show that previously deposited material acts as a flux-guiding path, sustaining a predominantly uniaxial field with height. The results define practical limits for static-field alignment in material-extrusion processing and provide geometry-dependent design rules for scalable fabrication of anisotropic ceramic–polymer composites. The findings are relevant for materials and process design in applications where controlled anisotropy is required over centimetre-scale dimensions. true false true Elsevier Nizozemska Angleški jezik Ni določen © 2026 The Authors. Neznano 2026-02-11 08:47:13 2026-02-11 08:47:14 2026-02-12 12:45:39 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Soavtorji iz Slovenije: Matej Komelj, Anubhav Vishwakarma, Petra Jenuš, Sašo Šturm, Kristina Žužek; Opis vira z dne 10. 2. 2026; str. [1-25] Vol. [in press] 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno apc 2025-11-29 2026-02-04 2026-02-05 621.7+621.9 2214-0697 10.1016/j.jmrt.2026.02.041 267954691 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785426002917?via%3Dihub 1 e3838438-071d-11f1-bcbc-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=40305 RAZ_Podmiljsak_Benjamin_2026.pdf RAZ_Podmiljsak_Benjamin_2026.pdf 1 A5AD46A9BC246C2678F65280ACEAEEDE 000464b7428660aa3c70a0550bd5c2c775133c289adaf94f6cb0a6e460bc821f 2b8a8b6c-071e-11f1-bcbc-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=40306 Institut Jožef Stefan 0 0 0