20.500.12556/DiRROS-27411 Bacterial bioluminescence for the real time and in situ monitoring of endoscope disinfection using plasma activated water Endoscope reprocessing is a time-consuming, multi-step process, and ongoing microbial surveillance is necessary to ensure effective reprocessing and safe storage. Despite this, traditional surveillance methods, such as cultures, are not often carried out due to time and cost constraints, providing only delayed end point results from specific locations, with no insight into biofilm formation, disinfection efficacy, or any variability related to device design. Within this study, the efficacy of plasma activated water (PAW) disinfection (and subsequent regrowth) within endoscopic test pieces was investigated using bacterial bioluminescence enabling real time and in situ monitoring of biofilm formation and treatment efficacy. Real time imaging of bioluminescent Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 SEI MCS5-lite was used to track biofilm growth within translucent PVC endoscopic test pieces across regions of interest using analysis of bioluminescent intensity. Results demonstrated that biofilm accumulation was more prominent around connectors compared to other regions of the test pieces. Disinfection with PAW achieved a significant 96.45% reduction in biofilm density (determined by culture) and a 93.08% reduction in bioluminescence (relative light units). However, percentage reduction in bioluminescence ranged from 77% to 95% across regions indicating lack of uniformity of treatment. Subsequent testing with plasma activated disinfectant (PAD) showed consistent biofilm reduction across all regions, with no variability between connectors and other regions as observed with PAW and other treatments. In conclusion, bioluminescence can be used to assess efficacy of disinfectants and effect of endoscope design by tracking biofilm density in real time and in situ. cold atmospheric plasma plasma activated water endoscope reprocessing hladna atmosferska plazma dezinfekcija endoskopov plazemsko aktivirana voda true false true American Society for Microbiology ZDA Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik © 2026 Northage et al. Neznano 2026-02-06 09:33:12 2026-02-06 09:33:13 2026-02-07 03:46:38 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Opis vira z dne 5. 2. 2026; str. 1-14 iss. , [article no.] e01380-25 Vol. 70 [in press] 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 2025-09-10 2025-12-23 2026-01-30 533 1098-6596 10.1128/aac.01380-25 267484675 https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/aac.01380-25 1 7bd45230-0336-11f1-93b0-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=40098 RAZ_Northage_Naomi_2026.pdf RAZ_Northage_Naomi_2026.pdf 1 7E01ACE7293A6F1488C806914465120A 540629214cf99e2c66ba755115c37f4ba7c3a2e35023b7edd9f593296b97336c 296b01ad-0337-11f1-93b0-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=40099 Institut Jožef Stefan 0 0 0