20.500.12556/DiRROS-27401 Foliar application of protein hydrolysates promotes growth and affects leaf ionome in olive The foliar application of various biostimulants, such as protein hydrolysates (PHs), has been associated with improved nutrient uptake efficiency and stress tolerance in perennial crops, like olive (Olea europaea L.). In this study, PHs obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis by Alcalase Pure (referred to as treatment H1), Alcalase Pure and Flavourzyme (referred to as treatment H2), or Alcalase Pure and Protana™ Prime (referred to as treatment H3) with proteins from pumpkin seed cake were tested for their potential beneficial growth, performance, and nutrition effects in one-year-old olive seedlings grown under controlled conditions. Amino acid and element compositions were evaluated in the PHs, which were used for foliar application six times at eight-day intervals. Control (C) plants were treated the same way, but without PHs. Shoot and root growth, leaf reflectance indices, and the composition of micro and macronutrients in different organs and leaf tissues were determined. Plants in the H2 treatment grew significantly better than C plants. They had the highest Photochemical Reflectance Index and a Chlorophyll-Normalized Difference Vegetation Index similar to that of C plants, indicating an optimal growth/photosynthesis balance. A decrease in the concentration of several mineral elements in the lower epidermis in H2- and H3-treated plants compared to C and H1-treated plants was accompanied by their increase in the spongy mesophyll, indicating their redistribution to support increased metabolism, resulting in increased shoot growth in these two treatments. Arguably, these observed effects could be attributed to the amino acid profile of the H2 mixture, which had the highest concentration of L-proline, L-arginine, and L-lysine among the three PH mixtures, and a higher L-asparagine concentration than the H1 mixture. Overall, the results highlight the applicative potential of tailored PH formulations for the optimization of growth, mineral element composition, and physiological performance in olive cultivation. hydrolyzed proteins pumpkin cake biostimulants element localization olive cultivation olive leaves biostimulansi oljkarstvo oljčni listi true false true MDPI Švica Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik © 2026 by the authors. Neznano 2026-02-05 13:00:04 2026-02-05 13:00:05 2026-02-06 03:51:18 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Soavtorji iz Slovenije: Maša Andlovic, Helena Plešnik, Primož Vavpetič, Martin Šala, Tina Kosjek, Paula Pongrac; Opis vira z dne 4. 2. 2026; str. 1-20 iss. 12, [article no.] 151 Vol. 12 Feb. 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 2025-12-03 2026-01-27 2026-01-29 634.1/.7 2311-7524 10.3390/horticulturae12020151 267338243 https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/12/2/151 1 36c95f53-028a-11f1-93b0-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=40077 RAZ_Paskovic_Igor_2026.pdf RAZ_Paskovic_Igor_2026.pdf 1 570D674EE446256656690D3C51DF414D 26b8e16a13c175939b7163fc004f91a78806d81bcdbf00eb34d9480a50a56eb3 1ce54c31-028c-11f1-93b0-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=40078 Institut Jožef Stefan 0 0 0