20.500.12556/DiRROS-25562 CD74 and proteases impact of location on immune and cellular functions CD74 and proteases: impact of location on immune and cellular functions Proteases represent a diverse family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds, modulating numerous biological processes. Among their substrates, CD74—also known as the invariant chain—has received increased research attention due to its multifunctional roles in both innate and adaptive immunity. This review provides an overview of current knowledge on protease-mediated interactions with CD74. The protein was originally identified as a chaperone for major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules. Proteolytic cleavage of CD74, most notably by cathepsin S, is essential for the release of MHC-II and the initiation of antigen presentation. However, CD74 has since emerged as a central regulator of processes extending well beyond antigen presentation. More recent findings reveal that CD74, acting as a receptor of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, also participates in signaling pathways in non-immune cells, independent of its classical chaperone function. Proteolytic processing of CD74 can trigger signaling cascades that modulate gene expression, underscoring its multifunctionality. Dysregulation of CD74 cleavage and its interaction with proteases has been linked to diverse pathological conditions, including cancer and autoimmune diseases, where aberrant protease activity disrupts CD74 function and promotes disease progression. proteases CD74 invariant chain cathepsin S cysteine cathepsins proteaze CD74 katepsin S cisteinski katepsini true false true MDPI Švica Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik © 2025 by the author. Neznano 2026-01-23 12:19:55 2026-01-23 12:19:56 2026-01-24 03:57:06 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Opis vira z dne 22. 1. 2026; str. 1-23 iss. 24, [article no.] 1960 Vol. 14 Dec. 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno apc 2025-10-14 2025-12-06 2025-12-10 577 2073-4409 10.3390/cells14241960 265545219 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/24/1960 1 74d23a80-f84d-11f0-a15d-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=38761 RAZ_Dolenc_Iztok_2025.pdf RAZ_Dolenc_Iztok_2025.pdf 1 D74C950E2337D3C99828F2E3FC05253E c058ba153eaab6c53b9083f387d70ad43955394d6508fc3f0004f4d21a3a8a3c d768f44c-f84d-11f0-a15d-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=38762 Institut Jožef Stefan 0 0 0