20.500.12556/DiRROS-25544 Osmooka, a new spider genus from Madagascar a surprising relative of the Australian fauna (Araneae: Paraplectanoididae) Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot with high endemism and ancient phylogenetic diversity. We here report the discovery of Osmooka aphana gen. nov., sp. nov. from Marojejy National Park. Phylogenomic analyses place Osmooka as sister to the Australian Paraplectanoides Keyserling, 1886 and this doublet is sister to Nephilidae Simon, 1894. When proposed, Paraplectanoididae Kuntner, Coddington, Agnarsson & Bond, 2023 was exclusively Australian and monogeneric, but was predicted to contain additional, undescribed taxa. The discovery of Osmooka and its phylogenetic placement in Paraplectanoididae support this prediction. We present a taxonomic treatment of Osmooka and Paraplectanoides, and a reappraisal of Orbipurae morphological homologies. With this new discovery, we revalidate Paraplectanoididae, Nephilidae, and Phonognathidae Simon, 1894 ranks resurrected as exclusive, monophyletic, and well-diagnosed families, whereas Araneidae Clerck, 1757 requires further redefinition. Finally, we test the hypothesis of East Gondwanan vicariant origin of Osmooka and Paraplectanoides. This scenario would predict an ancient age of their ancestor, predating the 130 Ma breakup of Gondwana. Divergence dating refutes this hypothesis by estimating their common ancestor at 57 Ma. Rather than through vicariance, the disjunct distribution of Osmooka and Paraplectanoides is best explained through Cenozoic intercontinental dispersal and/or extinctions. Potential discovery of additional paraplectanoidid diversity might better elucidate the timing, modes, and trajectories of historic dispersal and extinction events. phylogenomics classification palpal homology arachnology zoology filogenomika klasifikacija Paraplectanoides Orbipurae homologija palpov arahnologija zoologija true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Neznano 2026-01-22 13:17:54 2026-01-22 13:17:55 2026-01-24 03:42:29 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 Ostali avtorji: Kuang-Ping Yu, Matjaž Bedjanič, Matjaž Gregorič, Eva Turk, Klemen Čandek, Jonathan A Coddington, Ingi Agnarsson, James Starrett, Jason E Bond; Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Opis vira z dne 23. 12. 2025; str. 1-26 iss. 6 Vol. 9 Nov. 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2025-12-05 575.8 2399-3421 10.1093/isd/ixaf050 262724099 https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixaf050 1 6516888b-f78c-11f0-a15d-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=38727 https://www.nib.si/aktualno/novice/1971-znanstveniki-odkrili-nov-rod-in-vrsto-pajkov-na-madagaskarju-kar-spreminja-razumevanje-evolucije-pajkov 1 65a6a585-f78c-11f0-a15d-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=38728 ixaf050_supplementary_data.pdf ixaf050_supplementary_data.pdf 1 07D48FA679CEA6938A261ADE40A17458 075b9932526004da9905397fd7c23ed8d9a5e12decbd42851d3212772c7cc35f 4066d2da-f790-11f0-a15d-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=38729 RAZ_Kuntner_Matjaz_2025.pdf RAZ_Kuntner_Matjaz_2025.pdf 1 68D028AD58F03F947646CC6944C4EAA6 9db3684ac1a53d97cc4f92de95f939aed66be08da05527cd04deb6f675d6060d 4d220642-f790-11f0-a15d-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=38730 Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo Osmooka, a new spider genus from Madagascar: a surprising relative of the Australian fauna (Araneae: Paraplectanoididae) 0 0 0