20.500.12556/DiRROS-25496 Uporaba iPhone lidar tehnologije za izmero dreves na vzorčnih ploskvah gozdne inventure Use of iPhone LiDAR technology for measuring tree parameters in forest inventories sampling plots Lasersko skeniranje dreves je lahko koristna tehnologija za dopolnitev in overitev informacij, pridobljenih s klasično gozdno inventuro. Profesionalni terestrični in mobilni skenerji so dragi in zahtevajo usposobljene uporabnike. Zato smo v delu preizkusili uporabnost cenovno dostopnejše tehnologije Apple iPhone lidar, in sicer za pridobivanje dveh poglavitnih informacij o drevesih na vzorčnih ploskvah gozdne inventure: to sta premer drevesa na višini 1,3 metra nad tlemi (d1,3) in oddaljenost drevesa od središča ploskve. Na štirih krožnih raziskovalnih ploskvah na Rožniku smo v treh ločenih ekipah gozdarskih strokovnjakov izmerili referenčne podatke za vsa drevesa z d1,3 ≥ 10 cm s tradicionalnimi metodami, nato smo ploskve poskenirali še z napravo Apple iPhone 13 Pro Max. Podatke skeniranj smo obdelali z odprtokodnimi programi. Ugotovili smo, da so vrednosti d1,3, pridobljene iz podatkov laserskega skeniranja, v povprečju precenjene za 0,95 centimetra (RMSE = 2,43 cm), napaka je značilno večja pri tanjših drevesih. Horizontalne razdalje so bile večinoma podcenjene, v povprečju za 6,7 centimetra (RMSE = 24,1 cm). Napaka v horizontalni razdalji se z naraščajočim časom skeniranja povečuje, medtem ko trajanje skeniranja ne vpliva na vrednosti prsnih premerov. Prav tako smo ugotovili, da so lesne zaloge, izračunane iz podatkov skeniranja, v povprečju precenjene za 2,6 %. Laser scans of trees in the field could represent a useful technology for complementing and controlling information measured in the context of classic forest inventory. Professional terrestrial and mobile laser scanners remain, however, expensive and require professional handling. For this purpose, we wanted to evaluate the application of low-cost Apple lidar technology for measuring two important forest inventory parameters – the diameter of trees at 1.3 m above ground level (d1,3) and horizontal distances to the centre of sampling inventory plots. These parameters were measured by four independent groups of forest inventory experts on four circular plots near the Slovenian Forestry Institute for all trees with d1,3 ≥ 10 cm, using traditional methods. Subsequently, the plots were scanned with lidar-equipped Apple iPhone 13 Pro Max. The scan data were analysed using open-source software. On average d1,3 values from laser scans were 0.95 cm (RMSE = 2.43 cm) greater than reference values, with larger discrepancies for thinner trees. Conversely, horizontal distances were on average underestimated by 6.7 cm (RMSE = 24.1 cm). Discrepancies in horizontal distances were greater for trees that were measured toward the end of the scanning process, while no such influence of the scanning time was apparent for d1,3. Additionally, we found that growing stock values were overestimated by 2.6%. iPhone Apple lidar nizkocenovni lidar gozdna inventura prsni premer lokacije dreves iPhone Apple lidar low-cost lidar forest inventory diameter at breast height tree locations true false true Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Neznano 2026-01-21 14:06:15 2026-01-21 14:06:16 2026-01-23 03:56:05 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 Besedilo v slov.; str. 301-315 št. 3 Letn. 69 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 630*58:004 0351-0271 10.15292/geodetski-vestnik.2025.03.301-315 263410691 https://www.geodetski-vestnik.com/en/clanek/10.15292/geodetski-vestnik.2025.03.301-315 1 fac52a50-f6c9-11f0-a15d-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=38643 301_Krizaj_Skudnik.pdf 301_Krizaj_Skudnik.pdf 1 67682668CE8CC75EDEA702ADD7DEC392 6c0c5304d4cec07fec3d4cdd429109fac50a47661272beccdd219b98140edbd0 05b6f5f4-f6ca-11f0-a15d-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=38644 Gozdarski inštitut Slovenije 0 0 0