20.500.12556/DiRROS-25264 Quantification of phthalate and DINCH metabolites in human urine and maternal breast milk assessing maternal body burden and infant exposure Quantification of phthalate and DINCH metabolites in human urine and maternal breast milk: assessing maternal body burden and infant exposure Based on toxicological evidence, human exposure to phthalates (PHs) and diisononylcyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH) may contribute to adverse health effects, especially during vulnerable developmental stages. To support the exposure assessment for this group of endocrine disruptors, we developed and validated a method for the analysis of 14 PH and 3 DINCH metabolites in human urine and maternal milk, applied the method in a pilot study, and identified crucial obstacles in the path of establishing maternal milk as a routine matrix in human biomonitoring. Urine and milk samples were extracted with solid-phase extraction (SPE) and QuEChERS salts, respectively, and analysed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method accuracy was confirmed for urine samples via a certified standard reference material and the G-EQUAS intercomparison programme. We identified a need for sampling protocols, reference materials, and external method verification schemes in order to establish maternal milk as a routine matrix. Finally, the method was tested for its applicability in a pilot biomonitoring study on 30 paired urine and milk samples from lactating mothers, with medians ranging from <LLOQ – 15 µg/L in urine and <LLOQ – 16 µg/L in maternal milk and generally higher detection rates in urine. Furthermore, the results indicate extensive monoester formation under cooled storage conditions, resulting in potentially high infantile exposure to phthalate monoesters for which, to date, no guidance values exist despite their demonstrated toxicity. phthalate metabolites DINCH human biomonitoring metaboliti ftalatov humani biomonitoring true false true Elsevier Nizozemska Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik © 2026 Published by Elsevier Inc. Neznano 2026-01-14 13:53:16 2026-01-14 13:53:17 2026-01-15 03:49:00 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Soavtorji iz Slovenije: Žan Rekar, Neja Kosirnik, Darja Mazej, Milena Horvat, Janja Snoj Tratnik, Tina Kosjek; Opis vira z dne 14. 1. 2026; str. 1-12 Vol. 309, [article no.] 119698 Jan. 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno apc 2025-10-06 2026-01-07 2026-01-10 504.5 1090-2414 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2026.119698 264687619 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651326000278 1 0066fa8c-f148-11f0-94a7-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=38149 RAZ_Runkel_Agneta_Annika_2026.pdf RAZ_Runkel_Agneta_Annika_2026.pdf 1 10BBD2CB2220071602D322AAB8F1E417 a0bc15a7c78ca5052bbd8e1e5e8eb7dd81a1c4253a94e7fc5b9aedae86b9d7d2 8446de77-f148-11f0-94a7-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=38155 Institut Jožef Stefan 0 0 0