20.500.12556/DiRROS-25196 Magnetic field-driven strategies for biofilm disruption from iron oxide nanoparticles to adaptive swarms of magnetic microrobots Magnetic field-driven strategies for biofilm disruption: from iron oxide nanoparticles to adaptive swarms of magnetic microrobots Biofilms, structured communities of microbial cells embedded in extracellular polymeric substances, are notorious for their resilience against conventional antimicrobial treatments. They contribute significantly to chronic infections and industrial biofouling, necessitating innovative strategies for their eradication. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have emerged as a promising tool in combating biofilms due to their biocompatibility and unique physicochemical properties, which enable magnetic delivery of antibacterial agents, magnetic hyperthermia, magneto-mechanical actuation including mechanical biofilm disruption, and reversible dynamic magnetic assembly into hierarchical structures. This review describes developing stages of magnetic nanoscale weapons against biofilms ranging from individual iron oxide nanoparticles to complex hierarchical nanoparticle assemblies in the form of magnetic robots and their swarms. A vast array of possible antibiofilm and antibacterial functionalities originating from iron ions, individual iron oxide nanoparticles, spherical nanoparticle assemblies, magnetic robots, and swarms of robots are presented. Magnetic nanotools offer significant improvements and advantages over conventional methods for biofilm eradication, yet their successful future applications depend on addressing and overcoming critical material, biological, and engineering challenges. biofilm magnetic nanoparticles magneto-mechanical actuation microrobots nanorobots biofilm magnetni nanodelci mikroroboti nanoroboti true false true American Chemical Society ZDA Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik © 2026 The Authors. Neznano 2026-01-13 13:58:37 2026-01-13 13:58:37 2026-01-14 03:53:43 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Soavtorji iz Slovenije: Jerica Sabotič, Aleš Berlec, Nika Zaveršek, Stane Pajk, Abida Zahirović, Slavko Kralj; Opis vira z dne 13. 1. 2026; str. 34-58 iss. 1 Vol. 20 Jan. 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 2025-08-22 2025-12-17 2026-01-01 620.3 1936-086X 10.1021/acsnano.5c14390 264531459 https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acsnano.5c14390 1 964e3ff4-f07f-11f0-94a7-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=37994 RAZ_Caf_Maja_2026.pdf RAZ_Caf_Maja_2026.pdf 1 70E997AE447A435307D4F7BCDB6A25AE b3cdd28bc3b2bb802575c92c99b1ff95aaed9e136759af1c72ff88e06a7f621d f4b216eb-f07f-11f0-94a7-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=37996 Institut Jožef Stefan 0 0 0