20.500.12556/DiRROS-25192 Multifactorial analysis of wood deterioration in ancient Egypt a case study of Khufu’s Second Solar Boat This study presents a multi-analytical investigation of the wooden components from Khufu’s Second Solar Boat, one of the valuable archaeological discoveries in ancient Egypt. The research integrates advanced imaging and analytical techniques to identify wood species, assess deterioration patterns, and characterize the fungal and bacterial biodeteriogens. The initial visual examination documented the state of preservation at the time of discovery. Subsequently, the identification of the wood species was carried out. The deterioration status was assessed using a variety of tools, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution synchrotron radiation computed microtomography (SR-μCT) for morphological alterations, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for crystallinity changes and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to assess chemical degradation indexes of wood. Moreover, molecular techniques were used to identify and characterize the presence of biodeterioration agents. Results indicate that ancient craftsmen used cedar wood for the boat construction. The analysed samples exhibited advanced biotic and abiotic degradation, as evidenced by microbiological assessments, XRD measurements of cellulose crystallinity, FTIR indices, SEM micrographs and SR-μCT data. These results provide crucial insights into the long-term degradation processes of archaeological wood in arid environments, enhancing our understanding of ancient Egyptian woodworking practices and informing future conservation strategies for similar artifacts. archaeological wood conservation multi-analytical characterization biodeterioration analysis ancient egyptian woodworking x-ray computed microtomography lebanon cedar arheološka konzervacija lesa večanalitična karakterizacija analiza biološkega razpadanja starodavno egipčansko obdelovanje lesa rentgenska računalniška mikrotomografija libanonska cedra true false true MDPI Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik © 2025 by the authors Neznano 2026-01-13 13:10:31 2026-01-13 13:18:05 2026-01-14 03:53:42 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 str. 1-21 iss. 7, [article no.] 3952 Vol. 15 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2025-04-03 902 2076-3417 10.3390/app15073952 261117443 https://doi.org/10.3390/app15073952 0 dca2a784-f078-11f0-94a7-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=37988 RAZ_Ibrahim_Shimaa_2025.pdf RAZ_Ibrahim_Shimaa_2025.pdf 1 F087697A006150BD5F623F7F2831E4B9 f304446a0b29467658099f952322ed254912f414f8b4bb12119a8981a220f5eb e446227a-f079-11f0-94a7-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=37989 Zavod za gradbeništvo Slovenije 0 0 0