20.500.12556/DiRROS-25112 Cave-Dwelling Bats Carry Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella spp. Bacteria That are Risk to Public Health in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia Netopirji, ki živijo v jamah, prenašajo bakterije Salmonella spp., odporne proti antibiotikom, ki ogrožajo javno zdravje v provinci Zahodna Nusa Tenggara, Indonezija Salmonella spp. is a bacteria that can be transmitted between humans and bats through feces, food, and water contamination in the environment, causing foodborne illness. This bacterial infection will be more hazardous if the bacteria become resistant to antibiotics. Bats are wild animals that have the potential to spread resistant germs into the human environment because their habitats are where they live and forage is shrinking, forcing bats to migrate from their natural habitat to the human environment. Bats never receive antibiotics but can contaminated by bacteria was resistance antibiotics because they have close contact with humans, animals, and the environment. They are contaminated with resistant bacteria when they look for food and drink. Our research focuses on identifying the resistance that exists in Salmonella spp. bats in caves because it can endanger public health. The miss net is set at the cave’s mouth between 4 to 10 pm, the miss net is checked periodically. If a bat is caught, it is swabbed with a sterile cotton bud and then examined for Gram staining and biochemistry to identify bacteria. Salmonella spp. isolates were evaluated for antibiotic sensitivity with tetracycline, azithromycin, cefotaxime, amoxicillin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and ciprofloxacin. We successfully isolated nine Salmonella spp bacteria. The sensitivity test results showed that Salmonella spp. bacteria from cave bats in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, were resistant to the antibiotics azithromycin 77.7%, amoxicillin 22.2%, and tetracycline 11.1%. Salmonella spp. so bakterije, ki se lahko prenašajo med ljudmi in netopirji z iztrebki, hrano in onesnaženo vodo v okolju ter povzročajo bolezni, ki se prenašajo z živili. Bakterijska okužba bo še nevarnejša, če bodo bakterije postale odporne proti antibiotikom. Netopirji so prostoživeče živali, ki lahko v človekovo okolje širijo odporne mikrobe, saj se njihov življenjski prostor, v katerem živijo in se prehranjujejo, krči, zaradi česar se netopirji iz svojega naravnega okolja selijo v človekovo okolje. Netopirji ne prejemajo antibiotikov, a se lahko okužijo z bakterijami, ki so odporne proti antibiotikom, saj so v tesnem stiku z ljudmi, drugimi živalmi in okoljem. Ko iščejo hrano in vodo, se okužijo z odpornimi bakterijami. Naša raziskava se osredotoča na ugotavljanje odpornosti bakterij Salmonella spp., s katerimi so okuženi netopirji v jamah, proti antibiotikom, saj lahko to pomeni grožnjo za javno zdravje. Mreža, ki se uporablja za ujetje ptic, je bila na vhodu v jamo nameščena med 16. in 22. uro in se je redno preverjala. Ko se netopir ujame, s sterilno vatirano palčko odvzamemo vzorec, nato pa se z barvanjem po Gramu in biokemično analizo identificirajo bakterije. Izolati bakterij Salmonella spp. so bili ocenjeni glede občutljivosti za antibiotike s tetraciklinom, azitromicinom, cefotaksimom, amoksicilinom, gentamicinom, sulfametoksazolom/trimetoprimom in ciprofloksacinom. Iz 135 vzorcev smo uspešno izolirali devet izolatov bakterij Salmonella spp. Rezultati testa občutljivosti so pokazali, da so bakterije Salmonella spp., s katerimi so okuženi jamski netopirji v provinci West Nusa Tenggara v Indoneziji, odporne proti antibiotikom azitromicin: 77,7 %, amoksicilin: 22,2 % in tetraciklin: 11,1 %. Salmonella spp. bats public health resistance antibiotic Salmonella spp. netopirji javno zdravje odpornost proti antibiotikom true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Imetniki avtorskih pravic na prispevkih so avtorji Članek v reviji 2026-01-10 11:41:09 2026-01-10 11:41:10 2026-02-19 09:39:35 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 str. 107-118 št. 1 letn. 54 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2025-08-01 599.4: 579.842.1/.2(24)(594) 0583-6050 10.3986/ac.v54i1.13939 246965763 https://ojs.zrc-sazu.si/carsologica/article/view/13939 0 7b24fbc3-ee14-11f0-94a7-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=37801 Augustin.pdf Augustin.pdf 1 855BBB18A573845CF8E8E3A72B2EA675 2916a5922590c7d0082808b16194276adfe215967634ea8979caf4d90a83d326 869d2cc7-ee14-11f0-94a7-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=37802 Znanstvenoraziskovalni center Slovenske akademije znanosti in umetnosti Acta carsologica = Krasoslovni zbornik 0 0 0