20.500.12556/DiRROS-25108 Modelling flow and transport to assess the influence of subsurface geometry on Alpine karst aquifer vulnerability Modeliranje pretoka vode in prenosa za presojo vpliva geometrije podpovršinskih plasti na ranljivost alpskokraškega vodonosnika Karst areas are highly susceptible to contamination due to rapid recharge and throughflow caused by their heterogeneous structure with unknown networks of conduits embedded in a matrix of low conductivity. Vulnerability methods have been used to ensure adequate protection of drinking water resources. However, most of the studies assessing the vulnerability of karst aquifers consider it as a constant value in time and, therefore, under special hydrological conditions in space, which is an oversimplification of reality. In this work, the behaviour of an Alpine karst system characterised by rapid flow and transfer through vertical shafts has been studied by discrete numerical modelling using MODFLOW 6. Six numerical models have been designed with the aim of representing simple common geometrical configurations found in Alpine karst systems. These models simulate how the flow and transport response at the system outlet is influenced by the aquifer geometry and recharge conditions. The results confirm that the arrival of the tracer at the spring strongly depends on the conduit geometry and the recharge conditions. This demonstrates that karst aquifer vulnerability cannot be defined as a constant value but should be specifically assessed depending on the spatio-temporal conditions. Kraška območja so zelo dovzetna za onesnaženje zaradi hitrega napajanja in pretoka, kar omogoča njihova heterogena struktura z neznanimi omrežji kanalov, ki so del matrike z nizko prevodnostjo. Za zagotavljanje ustreznega varstva virov pitne vode so bile uporabljene metode proučevanja ranljivosti. Vendar večina študij, ki proučuje ranljivost kraških vodonosnikov, to obravnava kot časovno konstantno vrednost in kot prostor v posebnih hidroloških razmerah, kar je prevelika poenostavitev realnega stanja. V tem članku so bile z diskretnim numeričnim modeliranjem s programom MODFLOW 6 proučene lastnosti alpskokraškega sistema, za katerega je značilen hiter pretok vode po navpičnih jaških. Oblikovanih je bilo šest numeričnih modelov, katerih cilj je predstaviti preproste običajne geometrijske konfiguracije, ki jih najdemo v sistemih alpskega krasa. Ti modeli simulirajo, kako geometrija vodonosnika in značilnosti napajanja vplivajo na pretok in prenos na iztoku. Rezultati potrjujejo, da je prihod sledila v izvir močno odvisen od geometrije kanalov in značilnosti napajanja. To dokazuje, da ranljivosti kraških vodonosnikov ni mogoče opredeliti kot konstantno vrednost, temveč jo je treba proučevati specifično glede na prostorsko-časovne razmere. Alpine karst system numerical flow and transport modelling vulnerability overflow MODFLOW 6 sistem alpskega krasa numerično modeliranje pretoka in prenosa ranljivost preplavljanje MODFLOW 6 true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Imetniki avtorskih pravic na prispevkih so avtorji Članek v reviji 2026-01-10 10:24:50 2026-01-10 10:24:50 2026-02-15 18:35:14 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 str. 57-73 št. 1 letn. 54 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2025-08-01 556.1:556.33:551.44 0583-6050 10.3986/ac.v54i1.14017 246909699 https://ojs.zrc-sazu.si/carsologica/article/view/14017 0 63d359d1-ee07-11f0-94a7-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=37783 Fleck.pdf Fleck.pdf 1 73CB41EED7FFA6ACA97438EE37241221 5f0e29801c3a1f965d71be8b34f0e8e76e9f74f595c56283004b3f7284beee8a 6e1f58e2-ee07-11f0-94a7-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=37784 Znanstvenoraziskovalni center Slovenske akademije znanosti in umetnosti Acta carsologica = Krasoslovni zbornik 0 0 0