20.500.12556/DiRROS-24956 Adult congenital heart disease training in Europe current status, disparities and potential solutions Objectives: This study aimed to determine the status of training of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) cardiologists in Europe. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to ACHD cardiologists from 34 European countries. Results: Representatives from 31 of 34 countries (91%) responded. ACHD cardiology was recognised by the respective ministry of Health in two countries (7%) as a subspecialty. Two countries (7%) have formally recognised ACHD training programmes, 15 (48%) have informal (neither accredited nor certified) training and 14 (45%) have very limited or no programme. Twenty-five countries (81%) described training ACHD doctors ‘on the job’. The median number of ACHD centres per country was 4 (range 0–28), median number of ACHD surgical centres was 3 (0–26) and the median number of ACHD training centres was 2 (range 0–28). An established exit examination in ACHD was conducted in only one country (3%) and formal certification provided by two countries (7%). ACHD cardiologist number versus gross domestic product Pearson correlation coefficient=0.789 (p<0.001). Conclusion: Formal or accredited training in ACHD is rare among European countries. Many countries have very limited or no training and resort to ‘train people on the job’. Few countries provide either an exit examination or certification. Efforts to harmonise training and establish standards in exit examination and certification may improve training and consequently promote the alignment of high-quality patient care. congenital heart disease adults training Europe prirojene srčne napake odrasli usposabljanje Evropa true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Neznano 2026-01-05 14:52:54 2026-01-05 14:52:54 2026-01-06 03:43:51 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2023 0 0 Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Opis vira z dne 24. 11. 2025; str. 1-11 iss. 2, [article no.] e002558 Vol. 10 2023 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 616.1 2053-3624 10.1136/openhrt-2023-002558 258318595 RAZ_McMahon_Colin_J_2023.pdf RAZ_McMahon_Colin_J_2023.pdf 1 E250F8A75DEDB83172C64AE1E459EA3D 4def1e2d55be5f21eaccf2062c12fd1f330b8ee4bf671a72620e3dc986efa33c f8022df3-ea3d-11f0-94a7-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=37388 https://openheart.bmj.com/content/10/2/e002558 0 15751fe1-ea3e-11f0-94a7-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=37390 Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana 0 0 0