20.500.12556/DiRROS-24861 Evaluation of cut slope stability in the Lesser Himalaya of Nepal Ocena stabilnosti vkopnih brežin v Nizki Himalaji v Nepalu A spatial inventory of cut slopes in the central and western Lesser Himalaya of Nepal was prepared and characterised to evaluate their stability. The stability of these cut slopes is governed by the geotechnical properties of rock/soil together with slope geometry, groundwater conditions and human interventions. Numerous cut slope failures were observed in areas where slope geometry is modified for engineering developments such as roads, dams, powerhouses, industrial development, etc. Two modelling sites were evaluated using the Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM), Finite Element Method (FEM), and Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM). Pre-failure analyses using LEM and FEM under dry and saturated conditions revealed that the stability of the Lesser Himalayan hillslopes with considerable soil thickness is predominantly controlled by the depth of groundwater level (GWL). Slopes remain stable with a factor of safety (FoS)>1.3 when the GWL lies below 7 m from the surface and gradually become unstable as it approaches the surface. This trend for both slopes confirms that elevated groundwater during the rainy season is the major cause of frequent cut slope failures in the Himalayan regions. The comparison of FoS from LEM and Strength Reduction Factor (SRF) from FEM showed a strong cross-correlation (90–99 %), revealing minimal variation which affirmed the validity of the adopted modelling techniques used in this study. Post-failure simulations of these sites were further analysed using an innovative approach, the robust PFEM modelling technique, to compute the dynamic failure mechanism. Sensitivity analysis of both modelled sites showed that friction angle and cohesion are the most significant parameters for slope stability evaluation. Moreover, forward and back analyses indicated that computed results are in good agreement, thus depicting reliability and performances along with the model validation. Za oceno stabilnosti vkopnih brežin v osrednjem in zahodnem delu Nizke Himalaje v Nepalu je bil pripravljen in karakteriziran prostorski popis. Stabilnost teh brežin je odvisna od geotehničnih lastnosti kamnin in tal, geometrije pobočja, hidrogeoloških razmer ter človekovih posegov v prostor. Na območjih, kjer je bila zaradi inženirskih posegov, kot so gradnja cest, jezov in elektrarn, spremenjena geometrija pobočja, so bila opažena številna porušenja vkopnih brežin. Z uporabo metode mejnega ravnotežja (LEM), metodo končnih elementov (FEM) in metodo delnih končnih elementov (PFEM) sta bili izbrani dve lokaciji modeliranja. Analize, izvedene z metodama LEM in FEM v suhih in nasičenih pogojih so pokazale, da je stabilnost pobočij v Nizki Himalaji, prekritih z večjo debelino tal, pretežno odvisna od globine nivoja podzemne vode (GWL). Pobočja ostajajo stabilna s faktorjem varnosti (FoS) >1,3 kadar gladina podzemne vode (GWL) leži več kot 7 m pod površjem in postopoma postajajo vedno bolj nestabilna, ko se nivo vode približuje površju. Ta trend je opazen pri obeh izbranih pobočjih in potrjuje, da je povišana gladine podzemne vode v obdobju deževne dobe glavni vzrok pogostih porušitev pobočij v himalajski regiji. Primerjava faktorjev varnosti izračunanih z metodo LEM ter faktorja zmanjšane trdnosti (SRF) pridobljenega z metodo FEM je razkrila močno medsebojno korelacijo (90–99 %), kar kaže na minimalne razlike in potrjuje zanesljivost uporabljenih modelirnih tehnik v tej študiji. Simulacije po porušitvi na teh območjih so bile dodatno analizirane z uporabo inovativnega robustnega pristopa z PFEM modeliranjem za izračun dinamičnega mehanizma porušitve. Analiza občutljivosti obeh modeliranih območij je pokazala, da sta trenje in kohezija ključna parametra za oceno stabilnosti pobočij. Poleg tega so druge izvedene analize pokazale dobro ujemanje pridobljenih rezultatov, kar potrjuje zanesljivost modela, njegovo učinkovitost ter veljavnost. cut slope slope stability numerical modelling evaluation and validation Lesser Himalaya Nepal vkopna brežina stabilnost pobočja numerično modeliranje vrednotenje in potrjevanje Nizka Himalaja Nepal true false true Geološki zavod Slovenije Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Neznano 2025-12-23 03:58:33 2025-12-23 09:56:47 2025-12-24 04:01:09 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 str. 123-145 no. 2 vol. 68 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2025-07-30 504.4 0016-7789 10.5474/geologija.2025.006 261772291 1924-Article_Text-12342644-3-10-20251210.pdf 1924-Article_Text-12342644-3-10-20251210.pdf 1 3B9036A57C9ADF43860086D225B3A399 50af72e5687a11d180671864c16236499fc4251ef51349ede80703d0f8b14a1f 848b16a0-dfdd-11f0-94a7-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=37208 Geološki zavod Slovenije Geologija 0 0 0