20.500.12556/DiRROS-24588 Molecular and cellular mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles in corneal regeneration The cornea is a vital component of the visual system, and its integrity is crucial for optimal vision. Damage to the cornea resulting from trauma, infection, or disease can lead to blindness. Corneal regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) offers a promising alternative to corneal transplantation. MSCs are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into various cell types, including corneal cells. They can also secrete a variety of anti-inflammatory cytokines and several growth factors, promoting wound healing and tissue reconstruction. This review summarizes the current understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which MSCs and MSC-EVs contribute to corneal regeneration. It discusses the potential of MSCs and MSC-EV for treating various corneal diseases, including corneal epithelial defects, dry eye disease, and keratoconus. The review also highlights finalized human clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of MSC-based therapy in corneal regeneration. The therapeutic potential of MSCs and MSC-EVs for corneal regeneration is promising; however, further research is needed to optimize their clinical application. cell-based therapy corneal epithelium corneal regeneration corneal stroma dry eye disease extracellular vesicles immune and inflammatory modulation keratoconus limbal stem cell deficiency mesenchymal stem cells celična terapija epitelij roženice regeneracija roženice stroma roženice bolezen suhih oči zunajcelični vezikli imunska in vnetna modulacija keratokonus pomnajkanje limbalnih matičnih celic mezenhimske matične celice true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Neznano 2025-12-08 13:45:28 2025-12-08 13:45:28 2025-12-09 03:44:01 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2024 0 0 str. 1-20 iss. 20, [article no.] 11121 Vol. 25 Oct. 2024 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno apc 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 617.7 1422-0067 10.3390/ijms252011121 213547523 RAZ_Kobal_Nina_2024.pdf RAZ_Kobal_Nina_2024.pdf 1 DDED52FB2E99C1F2EEA64A38590A44D7 c2b9021d2e6fd6dbfa4752f917f44900cea3dde35a939c5f09d5e9ee3ed09ae7 e6e9fb7a-d433-11f0-94a7-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=36686 https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/20/11121 1 c80ce376-d433-11f0-94a7-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=36685 Univerzitetni klinični center Ljubljana 0 0 0