20.500.12556/DiRROS-24188 Conservation hints for Pinna nobilis from a century-old genetic time capsule The noble pen shell, Pinna nobilis, is an iconic marine bivalve endemic to the Mediterranean Sea, playing a key role as an ecosystem engineer. Over the past century, it has faced severe threats from overharvesting, pollution, and catastrophic mass mortality events. This study analysed 119 mitochondrial COI gene sequences from historical (1700s, 1920s, 1970s, 1990s) and modern (2000s) samples, including survivors of recent mass mortality crises. We standardised a protocol to extract DNA from ancient byssus samples over a century old and dated the emergence of the mitochondrial lineages of Pinna nobilis, uncovering its evolutionary history in unprecedented detail. Our findings suggest two main temporal origins for the species’ genetic variation: (i) a group of modern lineages directly descended from Pinna nobilis early ancestors originating 2.5 mya, and (ii) a large group derived from the first Pleistocene radiation of the species, approximately 1.5 mya. Importantly, our research depicts the evolutionary response of Pinna nobilis to three major challenges in the last century: human overexploitation, pollution, and environmental changes. Our results highlight the species’ remarkable resilience, likely mediated by Pleistocene genetic traits, whose persistence over time mainly depends on the maintaining of a high effective population size to ensure successful recruitment. noble pen shell genetic variability evolutionary response species conservation veliki leščur genetska variabilnost evolucijski odziv ohranjanje vrst Pinna nobilis true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Neznano 2025-11-19 12:39:16 2025-11-19 12:39:17 2025-11-20 03:44:40 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Soavtorji: Chiara Locci, Noemi Pascale, Ilaria Deplano, Riccardo Senigaglia, Edoardo Batistini, Daniela Caracciolo, Mariachiara Chiantore, Saul Ciriaco, Maria Paola Ferranti, Daniele Grech, Arianna Liconti, Monica Montefalcone, Alice Oprandi, Valentina Pitacco, Marco Segarich, Rym Zakhama-Sraieb, Ahmed Ben Hmida, Salma Zribi, Fabio Scarpa, Marco Casu, Daria Sanna; Opis vira z dne 19. 11. 2025; str. 1-13 [art. no.] ǂ37660 Vol. 15 Oct. 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 2025-01-08 2025-09-22 2025-10-28 574 2045-2322 10.1038/s41598-025-21574-6 257795587 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08756-y 1 66686cbd-c53c-11f0-94a7-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=36020 RAZ_Azzena_Ilenia_2025.pdf RAZ_Azzena_Ilenia_2025.pdf 1 18E315F441A31BC4DE40A456E43FC788 ea00f752782ad9e9daa24062b84f73d6cfc43da9e351ba71999b9f8dcf4f8a91 bedd89bc-c53c-11f0-94a7-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=36022 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-21574-6 0 a4fc8e65-c53c-11f0-94a7-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=36021 RAZ_Azzena_Ilenia_2025.docx RAZ_Azzena_Ilenia_2025.docx 1 729DAD700A6338A7D1F2280646F185F3 c7994f17ff236ba99445b82d768434a8969b2fa0e946e53d5b01c8e985d8b6a3 ce9f9369-c53c-11f0-94a7-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=36023 Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo 0 0 0