20.500.12556/DiRROS-23913 Carbon-based thick films for electrochemical detection of neonicotinoid insecticides Neonicotinoids (NNIs) are water-soluble, toxic, widespread-used systemic insecticides commonly found in the environment. Integrated electrochemical sensors enable the rapid on-site detection of NNIs in aqueous samples by analysing the reduction of the NNI's nitro functional group on the working electrode. We have investigated graphite (G), glassy carbon (GC) and carbon black (CB) thick films as working electrodes for the electrochemical detection of the NNI imidacloprid (IMD). Up to 35-μm-thick films of G, GC and CB on alumina were prepared by screen printing and subsequent firing at 850 °C in argon. G had the largest grain size, the roughest surface, and the lowest sheet resistance of 6.9 Ω/sq. GC and CB had a smoother surface, while their sheet resistances were up to 27 Ω/sq. All three films showed a reversible response to the Fe(CN)63−/4− redox probe with G having the highest electrochemically active surface area and the highest heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant. In the IMD solution with neutral pH, G, GC and CB exhibited characteristic reduction peak at −1.1 V and a re-oxidation peak at +0.2 V. An additional adsorption cathodic peak was observed with CB, indicating a significantly higher affinity of CB for IMD adsorption. With LODs under 1 μM, the G, GC and CB pristine thick films exhibiting great potential for the sensitive detection of IMD insekticidi neonikotinoidi ogljik true false true Elsevier Nizozemska Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik © 2025 The Authors. Neznano 2025-10-23 08:42:01 2025-10-23 08:42:01 2025-10-24 03:55:17 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 str. 1-12 Vol. 984, [article no.] 119054 May 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 2024-12-05 2025-02-25 2025-02-26 632 1572-6657 10.1016/j.jelechem.2025.119054 227536387 RAZ_Repic_Barbara_2025.pdf RAZ_Repic_Barbara_2025.pdf 1 B8D10B6CB14F9CCE8A5F67577545186B f574fc47ee8ef66a007fe4028dbc72b298d8a7fe5e02e0c2cbf5f090202ae642 d45047e0-afdb-11f0-9bb7-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=35488 Institut Jožef Stefan 0 0 0