20.500.12556/DiRROS-23871 Thermodynamic guidelines for minimizing chromium losses in electric arc furnace steelmaking In the production of stainless steel, chromium losses, particularly in the electric arc furnace (EAF) phase, pose a challenge. This study addresses these issues by reviewing and analyzing the thermodynamics of the Fe-Cr-C-O-(Si) system, highlighting discrepancies in existing literature regarding Gibbs free energies, interaction parameters, and other thermodynamic data. We developed a simple to use thermodynamic model to simulate the oxidation process using established data from scientific literature. The model calculates the equilibrium solubilities of chromium and carbon, showing how process variables like temperature, partial pressure of carbon monoxide, and silicon concentration influence chromium oxidation. The findings confirm that higher temperatures and the presence of silicon significantly reduce chromium loss by favoring carbon oxidation over chromium. The research concludes by providing practical guidelines for minimizing chromium losses in EAFs, such as protecting scrap with carbon, silicon, and aluminum; controlling oxygen intake; and ensuring a high melt temperature during decarburization. These guidelines aim to improve the economic efficiency and sustainability of stainless steel production. The paper is an expanded version of a prior conference paper. steelmaking thermodynamics stainless steel electric arc furnace (EAF) decarburization oxidation of steel melt true false true MDPI Metals Angleški jezik Ni določen © 2025 by the authors Neznano 2025-10-15 07:19:26 2025-10-15 07:19:27 2025-10-24 03:55:12 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Opis vira z dne 15. 10. 2025; str. 1-18 Vol. 15 iss. 10, [article no.] 1129 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2025-10-11 669.14.018.8:621.365.2 2075-4701 10.3390/met15101129 253205507 RAZ_Bajzelj_Anze_2025.pdf RAZ_Bajzelj_Anze_2025.pdf 1 165BA63DBA0E321D78D3A841CAFB12BD 207a7a0b51108c18569d65ce2fab19ae37b56e025ae710f91c933dd596aafe25 feeb9d54-a987-11f0-9bb7-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=35408 https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/10/1129 1 85a05b2f-a986-11f0-9bb7-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=35407 Inštitut za kovinske materiale in tehnologije 0 0 0