20.500.12556/DiRROS-23647 Influence of particle size on powder velocity distribution at the nozzle outlet in Directed Energy Deposition Metal-based Directed Energy Deposition (DED) is considered one of the variations of additive manufacturing with the highest potential, particularly for space industry and in-orbital manufacturing. The technology however still faces various challenges, many of which can be traced back to poor control and understanding of the powder delivery. Velocity distribution of powder particles at the DED nozzle outlet has a key influence on the results of any predictive model of powder stream and yet remains largely disputed. Certain numerical studies highlighted a possible influence of powder particle size on the velocity condition at the nozzle exit, yet no experimental studies confirmed this effect. The experimental campaign described in this paper quantifies this relation between powder particle size and velocity distribution at the nozzle outlet and a strong decrease of particle speed with particle size is observed. Moreover, smaller particles are observed to travel at speeds higher than the mean carrier gas speed suggesting powder particle segregation within the nozzle as one of the mechanisms driving speed differences at the nozzle outlet. directed energy deposition powder stream boundary conditions particle velocity distribution lasersko direktno navarjanje tok delcev robni pogoji porazdelitev hitrosti delcev true false true Elsevier Materials & Design Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik © 2025 The Author(s) Neznano 2025-09-19 08:13:18 2025-09-19 08:13:18 2025-10-24 03:54:44 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 Soavtorji: Andrej Jeromen, Edvard Govekar, Michael Mallon, Matjaž Godec; str. 1-10 Vol. 259, [article no.] 114680 Nov. 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno apc 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2025-09-10 621.791.72 0264-1275 10.1016/j.matdes.2025.114680 230759683 RAZ_Mede_Tijan_2025.pdf RAZ_Mede_Tijan_2025.pdf 1 8BC29BC8BA3B4F75CD96A50C19486245 4f4c8990ea5fa75926aa2ca75c522bd4e49b646484e096623db3477c50b8e590 85ce225c-9520-11f0-9bb7-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=35001 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525011001 1 bd997245-951f-11f0-9bb7-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=35000 Inštitut za kovinske materiale in tehnologije 0 0 0