20.500.12556/DiRROS-23379 Cytokine release syndrome in non- small cell lung cancer patient receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors a case report Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a well-described immune-related adverse event following chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T) but has rarely been reported following therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). We present a clinical case of severe CRS after ICI therapy for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). After the third cycle of ipilimumab and nivolumab the patient presented with fever, hypotension and somnolence, leading to acute respiratory failure, acute kidney and hepatic failure, capillary leak syndrome, requiring ICU (intensive care unit) care. She recovered after receiving tocilizumab and steroid therapy. Subsequently, we found 17 clinical cases of advanced NSCLC patients in peer review, experiencing CRS as an adverse event of treatment with ICI. We review those cases in detail and compare the similarities and outcomes. Conclusion: CRS is a serious, life-threatening complication that is rare after ICI therapy for solid cancers but becoming increasingly frequent since ICI therapies are broadening indications. When presented with clinical symptoms, considering CRS is crucial, as early recognition is key to timely intervention and favorable outcome for the patient. on-small-cell lung cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors cytokine release syndrome immune- related adverse events case report nedrobnocelični pljučni rak zaviralci imunskih nadzornih točk sindrom sproščanja citokinov imunsko pogojeni neželeni učinki true false true Elsevier, Inc., 2020- Current problems in cancer. Case reports Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Neznano 2025-08-22 09:00:47 2025-08-22 09:00:47 2025-10-24 03:54:15 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 str. [1-6] [article no.] 100339 Vol. 17 Mar. 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno apc 2024-08-13 2024-11-19 2024-11-22 616.24 2666-6219 10.1016/j.cpccr.2024.100339 218845187 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666621924000619 1 bbbe7f1e-7f25-11f0-9bb7-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=34554 RAZ_Geltar_Ana_2025.pdf RAZ_Geltar_Ana_2025.pdf 1 035C461432D2CBBCF91FA14F45E22F9D 0fbf4513c0f4db382d844845d5d2eaf78f15c5d3d92723ac71a264ee42ff2dae eb0e7f6f-7f26-11f0-9bb7-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=34556 Univerzitetna klinika za pljučne bolezni in alergijo Golnik 0 0 0