20.500.12556/DiRROS-21961 Runoff and evapotranspiration–precipitation ratios as indicators of water regulation ecosystem services in urban forests As a form of green infrastructure, urban forests play a key role in the provision of hydrological ecosystem services (ESs) in cities. Understanding how urban forest structure and soil properties influence water regulation ESs is crucial for managing and planning green infrastructure in cities. We analysed two indicators—the runoff to precipitation (Q/P) and the evapotranspiration to precipitation (ETP/P) ratios—for five different urban forests. We used the hydrological model Brook90 over 16 years to simulate runoff, evapotranspiration, canopy interception, transpiration and soil evaporation. The results showed that mixed forests have the highest water retention capacity, with the lowest Q/P (0.41) and the highest ETP/P (0.59). In contrast, riparian deciduous forests had the lowest water retention capacity, with the highest Q/P (0.75) and the lowest ETP/P (0.25). Both indicators showed similar annual and seasonal results. However, Q/P showed strong inter-annual variation and a strong correlation with precipitation, while ETP/P remained consistent despite precipitation fluctuations in the observed years. In conclusion, the ETP/P ratio is better suited to assess the water regulation ES of urban forests. stand structure tree species composition soil properties hydrological model Brook90 urban ecosystems precipitation transpiration urban green space urban green infrastructure sestoji lastnostni tal urbani ekosistemi padavine transpiracija urbane zelene površine urbana zelena infrastruktura true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Znanstveno delo 2025-04-14 14:07:40 2025-04-14 14:07:40 2025-10-24 03:50:15 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 0 Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Opis vira z dne 14. 4. 2025; str. 1-26 iss. 4[article no. 809] Vol. 14 2025 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2025-01-01 630*114 2073-445X 10.3390/land14040809 232709123 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/4/809 1 11573039-1929-11f0-963a-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=31676 RAZ_Vilhar_Ursa_2025.pdf RAZ_Vilhar_Ursa_2025.pdf 1 B08A45E0B3834F4332E753740C15370A ab1623deb075f6b8421ffa44426f57f04f74d4bf39d3b0d6f6b4c4556b5934eb 19d43f02-1929-11f0-963a-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=31677 Gozdarski inštitut Slovenije 0 0 0