20.500.12556/DiRROS-21671 Multiple glacial refugia of the low-dispersal ground beetle Carabus irregularis molecular data support predictions of species distribution models Classical glacial refugia such as the southern European peninsulas were important for species survival during glacial periods and acted as sources of post-glacial colonisation processes. Only recently, some studies have provided evidence for glacial refugia north of the southern European peninsulas. In the present study, we combined species distribution models (SDMs) with phylogeographic analyses (using mitochondrial DNA = mtDNA) to investigate if the cold-adapted, stenotopic and flightless ground beetle species, Carabus irregularis, survived the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in classical and/or other refugia. SDMs (for both a western European and for a Carpathian subgroup) were calculated with MAXENT on the basis of 645 species records to predict current and past distribution patterns. Two mtDNA loci (CO1 and ND5, concatenated sequence length: 1785 bp) were analyzed from 91 C. irregularis specimens to reconstruct the phylogeography of Central and eastern European populations and to estimate divergence times of the given lineages. Strong intra-specific genetic differentiation (inter-clade ΦST values ranged from 0.92 to 0.99) implied long-term isolation of major clades and subsclades. The high divergence between the nominate subspecies and the Carpathian subspecies C. i. montandoni points to two independent species rather than subspecies (K-2P distance 0.042 ± 0.004; supposed divergence of the maternal lineages dated back 1.6 to 2.5 million years BP) differing not only morphologically but also genetically and ecologically from each other. The SDMs also inferred classical as well as other refugia for C. irregularis, especially north of the Alps, in southeastern Europe and in the Carpathians. The coincidences between the results of both methods confirm the assumption of multiple glacial refugia for the studied species and the usefulness of combining methodological approaches for the understanding of the history of low-dispersal insect species. ecology phylogeny zoogeograpy true false true Angleški jezik Ni določen Neznano 2025-03-12 10:10:52 2025-03-12 10:10:52 2025-03-13 03:52:37 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2013 0 0 Soavtorji: Claudia Drees, Martin M. Gossner, László Rakosy, Al Vrezec, Thorsten Assmann; Popis vira z dne 8. 4. 2013; str. e61185 issue 4 Vol. 8 2013 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2013-04-04 59 1932-6203 10.1371/journal.pone.0061185 2764879 http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0061185 1 e6d614df-ff21-11ef-88ed-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=31062 RAZ_Homburg_Katharina_2013.pdf RAZ_Homburg_Katharina_2013.pdf 1 2FB9AA1DF35ACD05D65AEEA0A3619E82 99ef1ea92bbf026ce00be061c919769180cd40ddc340651d86de12349d169e85 16717164-ff22-11ef-88ed-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=31063 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061185 0 20b64a7d-ff22-11ef-88ed-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=31064 Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo 0 0 0