20.500.12556/DiRROS-19295 Transarterial embolization of the external carotid artery in the treatment of life-threatening haemorrhage following blunt maxillofacial trauma Background. Severe bleeding after blunt maxillofacial trauma is a rare but life-threatening event. Non-responders to conventional treatment options with surgically inaccessible bleeding points can be treated by transarterial embolization (TAE) of the external carotid artery (ECA) or its branches. Case series on such embolizations are small; considering the relatively high incidence of maxillofacial trauma, the ECA TAE procedure has been hypothesized either underused or underreported. In addition, the literature on the ECA TAE using novel non-adhesive liquid embolization agents is remarkably scarce.Patients and methods. PubMed review was performed to identify the ECA TAE literature in the context of blunt maxillofacial trauma. If available, the location of the ECA injury, the location of embolization, the chosen embolization agent, and efficacy and safety of the TAE were noted for each case. Survival prognostic factors were also reviewed. Additionally, we present an illustrative TAE case using a precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid (PHIL) to safely and effectively control a massive bleeding originating bilaterally in the ECA territories.Results and conclusions. Based on a review of 205 cases, the efficacy of TAE was 79.4-100%, while the rate of major complications was about 2-4%. Successful TAE haemostasis, Glasgow Coma Scale score >- 8 at presentation, injury severity score <- 32, shock index <- 1.1 before TAE and <- 0.8 after TAE were significantly correlated with higher survival rate. PHIL allowed for fast yet punctilious application, thus saving invaluable time in life-threatening situations while simultaneously diminishing the possibility of inadvertent injection into the ECA-internal carotid artery (ICA) anastomoses. maxillofacial trauma external carotid artery injury intractable bleeding maksilofacialna travma poškodba zunanje karotidne arterije krvavitve ki jih ni mogoče odstraniti true false true Association of Radiology and Oncology Ljubljana Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik by Authors Neznano 2024-07-12 13:00:24 2024-07-12 13:00:24 2024-07-13 03:49:24 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2020 0 0 Soavtorji: Dimitrij Lovric, Ursa Zabret, Tomislav Mirkovic, Primoz Gradisek, Anita Mrvar-Brecko and Katarina Surlan Popovic; str. 253-262, I no. 3 Vol. 54 Sep. 2020 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2020-09-01 616-001 1318-2099 10.2478/raon-2020-0035 24230147 https://content.sciendo.com/view/journals/raon/54/3/article-p253.xml 1 f2e00419-403d-11ef-b487-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=26606 RAZ_Langel_Crt_2020.pdf RAZ_Langel_Crt_2020.pdf 1 FBD3609D3088723C7F86288A696715D1 2e99b5bba6c8e59dcd551b4003dd534319a081a86ad68580dfc6d873db1be1b1 2dfb088b-403e-11ef-b487-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=26607 Onkološki inštitut Ljubljana 0 0 0