20.500.12556/DiRROS-19251 Combined toxic effects of BPA and its two analogues BPAP and BPC in a 3D HepG2 cell model Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most commonly used substances in the manufacture ofvarious everyday products. Growing concerns about its hazardous properties, including endocrinedisruption and genotoxicity, have led to its gradual replacement by presumably safer analogues inmanufacturing plastics. The widespread use of BPA and, more recently, its analogues has increasedtheir residues in the environment. However, our knowledge of their toxicological profiles is limitedand their combined effects are unknown. In the present study, we investigated the toxic effectscaused by single bisphenols and by the combined exposure of BPA and its two analogues, BPAP andBPC, after short (24-h) and prolonged (96-h) exposure in HepG2 spheroids. The results showed thatBPA did not reduce cell viability in HepG2 spheroids after 24-h exposure. In contrast, BPAP andBPC affected cell viability in HepG2 spheroids. Both binary mixtures (BPA/BPAP and BPA/BPC)decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, but the significant difference was only observedfor the combination of BPA/BPC (both at 40μM). After 96-h exposure, none of the BPs studiedaffected cell viability in HepG2 spheroids. Only the combination of BPA/BPAP decreased cellviability in a dose-dependent manner that was significant for the combination of 4μM BPA and 4μMBPAP. None of the BPs and their binary mixtures studied affected the surface area and growth ofspheroids as measured by planimetry. In addition, all BPs and their binary mixtures studied triggeredoxidative stress, as measured by the production of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde,at both exposure times. Overall, the results suggest that it is important to study the effects of BPsas single compounds. It is even more important to study the effects of combined exposures, as thecombined effects may differ from those induced by single compounds. BP analogues hepatic in vitro 3D cell model combined exposure viability oxidative stress toxicology bisfenol A bisfenol analogi sferoidi kombinirana izpostavitev oksidativen stres toksičnost toksikologija true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Neznano 2024-07-12 03:37:51 2024-07-12 08:46:34 2024-07-13 03:49:21 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2023 0 0 Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Opis vira z dne 6. 4. 2023; Soavtorji: Tim Ravnjak, Ana-Marija Domijan and Bojana Žegura; Št. članka: 3085; str. [1]-16 art. 3085 iss. 7 2023 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2023-03-30 577 1420-3049 10.3390/molecules28073085 148108803 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073085 1 5a4e864d-3fef-11ef-b487-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=26509 RAZ_Stampar_Martina_2023.pdf RAZ_Stampar_Martina_2023.pdf 1 D8E8BD5B449DA2080435F8608E77E959 992a25f16b5dc400001040cd315c0b60bb6ff074bf83e8276720a1f0e4839ee9 a990a760-401a-11ef-b487-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=26553 Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo 0 0 0