20.500.12556/DiRROS-16664 Causes and consequences of large-scale windthrow on the development of fir-beech forests in the Dinaric mountains Vzroki in posledice velikopovršinskega vetroloma na razvoj bukovo-jelovih gozdov v dinarskem gorstvu We investigated several aspects of windthrow that are relevant to our understanding and management of forest ecosystems. As an example, we used an extreme event in December 2017, when the strongest storm in recent history occurred in the Slovenian Dinaric High Karst. We examined influential factors such as soil properties, wind speed, precipitation and ecological consequences for the affected forests. Soil properties were measured around standing and fallen silver fir trees at all three research sites. Tree species composition in the regeneration was observed on plots with chemical and acoustic ungulate deterrents and on control plots without deterrents. Economic estimates of yield loss due to damage were calculated at the national level. A model of the potential threat from windthrow was also developed based on data collected from windthrow events and meteorological data over the past 20 years. Our results indicate that soil depth and mineral fraction depth were similar at sites with and without damaged trees and were not the determining factors for tree toppling. Plots with acoustic deterrents showed the most effective regeneration development, the least decline in silver fir and the greatest increase in noble hardwood seedlings, while plots with chemical deterrents showed the least browsing damage. The estimated economic loss of €16.1 million is 6.6% less than the harvest under normal conditions. The economic loss was relatively low due to the nature of the storm, with the predominant type of damage being uprooted trees with no damaged trunks. The windthrow hazard model revealed that a large number of consecutive events with strong winds in each section weakened the stand, which was subsequently knocked down during the next extreme wind and rainfall event. Raziskali in analizirali smo problematiko vetrolomov z različnih vidikov, pomembnih za naše razumevanje in upravljanje gozdnih ekosistemov. Kot primer smo uporabili ekstremni dogodek iz decembra 2017, ko je slovenski visoki dinarski kras prizadel najmočnejši vetrolom v novejši zgodovini. Da bi razumeli vzroke in ekološke posledice te obsežne motnje, smo gozdove na treh različnih lokacijah v Dinarskem območju preučevali iz različnih vidikov, ki so lahko vzroki za škodo zaradi vetroloma ali pa njegova posledica. Lastnosti tal smo izmerili okoli stoječih in podrtih dreves na vseh treh raziskovalnih lokacijah. Prav tako smo na vseh lokacijah spremljali sestavo drevesnega mladja na ploskvah, opremljenih s kemičnimi in zvočnimi odvračali za parkljarje, ter kontrolnih ploskvah brez odvračal. Ekonomske ocene zaradi izgube donosa zaradi škode smo izračunali za nacionalno raven. Na podlagi zbranih podatkov vetrolomov in meteoroloških podatkov v zadnjih 20 letih smo izdelali model potencialne ogroženosti zaradi vetrolomov. Lastnosti gozdnih tal niso vzrok za vetrolom, vendar pa spadajo med dejavnike vpliva na poškodbe dreves zaradi vetroloma. V naši raziskavi so se talne lastnosti na mestih s poškodovanimi drevesi in brez njih izkazale za statistično neznačilne in niso bile odločilen dejavnik za prevračanje dreves. Ploskve z zvočnimi odvračali so pokazale najuspešnejši razvoj mladja, tj. najmanjši upad pri jelki in največje povečanje pri plemenitih listavcih, medtem ko so ploskve s kemičnimi odvračali pokazale najmanjšo škodo zaradi objedanja. Ocenjena gospodarska izguba v višini 16,1 milijona evrov je za 6,6 % manjša od poseka v običajnih okoliščinah. Gospodarska škoda je bila zaradi narave neurja razmeroma majhna, saj je bila večina škode v obliki izruvanih dreves brez poškodovanih debel. Model nevarnosti pojava vetrolomov je pokazal, da je veliko število zaporednih dogodkov z močnimi vetrovi na vsakem odseku oslabilo sestoj, ki je bil posledično uničen ob naslednjem ekstremnem dogodku vetra in padavin. natural forest regeneration windthrow economic loss browsing ungulate deterrents forest soil properties potential threat model naravno mladje vetrolom gospodarska škoda objedanje odvračala za parkljarje lastnosti gozdnih tal modeliranje tveganja true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Neznano 2023-06-27 14:05:46 2023-06-27 14:05:48 2023-11-30 13:06:30 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2023 0 0 str. 17-32 Vol. 130 2023 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2023-01-01 630*22+630*18:630*42(234.422.1)(045)=111 2335-3112 10.20315/ASetL.130.2 156927235 https://doi.org/10.20315/ASetL.130.2 1 3d87547d-14d2-11ee-8cc8-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=22600 RAZ_Cater_Matjaz_2023.pdf RAZ_Cater_Matjaz_2023.pdf 1 B44D0A6CCE5D97A9C436D9259E4F4BF8 f4e0e893fd749bd50891f4e6060d1b65baf7b82774ee808a209c5072764e5a8d 58195481-14d2-11ee-8cc8-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=22601 Gozdarski inštitut Slovenije Acta Silvae et Ligni 0 0 0