20.500.12556/DiRROS-15868 Environmental impacts and immobilization mechanisms of cadmium, lead and zinc in geotechnical composites made from contaminated soil and paper-ash Paper-ash is used for remediation of heavily contaminated soils with metals, but remediation efficiency after longer periods has not been reported. To gain insights into the mechanisms of immobilization of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and znic (Zn), a study was performed in the laboratory experiment in uncontaminated, artificially contaminated, and remediated soils, and these soils treated with sulfate, to mimic conditions in contaminated soil from zinc smelter site. Remediation was performed by mixing contaminated soil with paper-ash to immobilize Cd, Pb, and Zn in the geotechnical composite. Partitioning of Cd, Pb, and Zn was studied over one year in seven-time intervals applying the sequential extraction procedure and complementary X-ray diffraction analyses. This methodological approach enabled us to follow the redistribution of Cd, Pb, and Zn over time, thus, to studying immobilization mechanisms and assessing the remediation efficiency and stability of newly formed mineral phases. Cd, Pb, and Zn were effectively immobilized by precipitation of insoluble hydroxides after the addition of paper-ash and by the carbonization process in insoluble carbonate minerals. After remediation, Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations in the water-soluble fraction were well below the limiting values for inertness: Cd by 100 times, Pb by 125 times, and Zn by 10 times. Sulfate treatment did not influence the remediation efficiency. Experimental data confirmed the high remediation efficiency and stability of insoluble Cd, Pb, and Zn mineral phases in geotechnical composites. cadmium lead zinc contaminated soil paper ash immobilization mechanisms kadmij svinec cink papirniški pepel mehanizmi imobilizacije kontaminirana zemljina true false true MDPI Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland Neznano 2022-12-01 13:57:07 2023-07-04 09:22:04 2023-07-05 03:36:12 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2021 0 0 Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Opis vira z dne 14. 12. 2021; Št. članka 11822; str. 1-15 iss. 24 Vol. 11 2021 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 2021-12-13 620.1/.2 2076-3417 10.3390/app112411822 89409283 https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/24/11822/htm 1 493e4d1d-716f-11ed-a69a-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=20986 RAZ_Duric_Marija_2021.pdf RAZ_Duric_Marija_2021.pdf 1 3A5EAC88D4EE0AFD417F3E390943BDCE 3e67b98d46d217ad11d212b0635209cd78f389df9719e04b8bce29968c020ccb df72225b-9b14-11ed-b359-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=21432 RAZ_Duric_Marija_2021.zip RAZ_Duric_Marija_2021.zip 1 F660708BBCF55A003B188F039D113190 32b2b7291ac35c3fa35746e85f22f3d95a6ec72812d2e657d68a91d4ff82ff39 8fcb9cfc-1a2a-11ee-8cc8-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=22631 Zavod za gradbeništvo Slovenije 0 0 0