20.500.12556/DiRROS-14089 Cryoglobulins, cryofibrinogens, and cold agglutinins in cold urticaria : literature review, retrospective patient analysis, and observational study in 49 patients Introduction: Cryoproteins, such as cryoglobulins, cryofibrinogens and cold agglutinins, precipitate at low temperatures or agglutinate erythrocytes and dissolve again when warmed. Their pathogenetic and diagnostic importance in cold urticaria (ColdU) is unclear. In this study, we aimed to characterize the prevalence of cryoproteins in patients with ColdU. Methods: We conducted 3 analyses: i) a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data using an adapted version of the Johanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool for case series, ii) a retrospective analysis of 293 ColdU patients treated at our Urticaria Center of Reference and Excellence (UCARE) from 2014 to 2019, and iii) a prospective observational study, from July 2019 to July 2020, with 49 ColdU patients as defined by the EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/UNEV consensus recommendations. Results: Our systematic review identified 14 relevant studies with a total of 1151 ColdU patients. The meta-analyses showed that 3.0% (19/628), 1.1% (4/357) and 0.7% (2/283) of patients had elevated levels of cryoglobulins, cryofibrinogens, and cold agglutinins, respectively. Our retrospective analyses showed that cryoproteins were assessed in 4.1% (12/293) of ColdU patients. None of nine ColdU patients had cryoglobulins, and one of 5 had cold agglutinins. In our prospective study, none of our patients had detectable cryoglobulins (0/48) or cryofibrinogens (0/48), but 4.3% (2/46) of patients had cold agglutinins (without any known underlying autoimmune or hematological disorder). Conclusion: Our investigation suggests that only very few ColdU patients exhibit cryoproteins and that the pathogenesis of ColdU is driven by other mechanisms, which remain to be identified and characterized in detail. urticaria review observational study retrospective studies cold urticaria cryoglobulins cryofibrinogens cold agglutinins retrospective analysis urtikarija pregled literature opazovalna študija retrospektivne študije urtikarija zaradi mraza koprivnica krioglobulini kriofibrinogeni hladni aglutinini retrospektivna analiza true false true Frontiers Media SA Angleški jezik Ni določen © 2021 Ginter, Ahsan, Bizjak, Krause, Maurer, Altrichter and Terhorst-Molawi Neznano 2021-05-28 11:57:14 2021-05-28 11:57:15 2022-08-19 03:38:48 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2021 0 Švica 0 Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Soavtorica iz Slovenije: Mojca Bizjak; Opis vira z dne 14. 5. 2021; Št. prispevka:; str. 1-9 [Vol.] 12 2021 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 616-097 1664-3224 10.3389/fimmu.2021.675451 63217155 RAZ_Ginter_Katharina_i2021.pdf RAZ_Ginter_Katharina_i2021.pdf 1 3FCC490162AFC341CCC6CD814F920950 86e4c35da5d3b1d1d4e0c67689d204d20513f77c87a9203dc76434ab012af877 94c4d023-17b6-11ed-b6b8-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=17444 RAZ_Ginter_Katharina_i2021.pdf RAZ_Ginter_Katharina_i2021.pdf 1 29E8AFFD0C7A1706E5C183139E13F5B5 3435eb647d8d5d387d54325704a0b76cc7b7e85fb0aa8cac5a698585605b79cb 94d7da67-17b6-11ed-b6b8-001a4af901a5 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=17445 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.675451/abstract 1 https://dirros.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=17443 Univerzitetna klinika za pljučne bolezni in alergijo Golnik 0 0 0