HIV-1 subtype diversity and phylogenetic insight into non-B subtype transmission in Slovenia, 1989-2013Mlakar, Jana (Avtor) Lunar, Maja M. (Avtor) Abecasis, Ana B (Avtor) Vandamme, Anne-Mieke (Avtor) Tomažič, Janez (Avtor) Vovko, Tomaž (Avtor) Pečavar, Blaž (Avtor) Turel, Gabriele (Avtor) Poljak, Mario (Avtor) HIV-1ne-B podtippodtipiziranjefilogenijamolekularna epidemiologijasrednja EvropaIntroduction: Disease progression, drug resistance mutations, and treatment strategies may vary by HIV-1 subtype. This study determined HIV-1 subtypes circulating in Slovenia, a Central European country with an HIV-1 epidemic driven by men who have sex with men, focusing on molecular epidemiology of non-B subtypes. Methods: A total of 367 HIV-1 sequences were included. Subtype was assigned by employing eight different HIV subtyping tools coupled with maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses. Results: The subtyping tools COMET, jpHMM, and REGA 3.0 exhibited the best performance on the dataset studied. Phylogenetic analyses showed a 14.7% prevalence of non-B subtypes, with subtype A detected most frequently (4.9%), followed by CRF02_AG (2.4%), subtype C (1.1%), subtypes D, G, and CRF01_AE (0.8% each), and subtypes F and CRF22_01A1 (0.3% each). A subtype could not be assigned to 12 sequences (3.3%), indicating potential unique recombinant forms. Non-B subtypes were significantly associated with a heterosexual route of transmission and infection acquired in Eastern Europe, Africa, or Asia. Conclusions: In a country where subtype B is predominant, non-B subtypes were observed in one out of seven patients, a nonnegligible proportion, which underlines the importance of systematic surveillance of HIV subtype diversity and the corresponding molecular epidemiology.20232026-08-03 12:34:00Neznano31466UDK: 616.98:578.828ISSN pri članku: 1318-4458DOI: 10.15570/actaapa.2023.20COBISS_ID: 167503619slNa spletni strani revije navedeno "Authors publishing in our journal retain copyright of their work under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). This license allows unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of the work in any medium, provided the original author(s) and copyright holder(s) are appropriately credited, and the original publication in the journal is properly cited, following established academic practices." (https://acta-apa.mf.uni-lj.si/submissions.php, 3. 8. 2026)