Adapted and yet evolvingPipan, Barbara (Avtor) Neji, Mohamed (Avtor) Meglič, Vladimir (Avtor) Sinkovič, Lovro (Avtor) common buckwheatgrain yield stabilitybuckwheatnutritional qualitytemporal genetic structurecrop proteinCommon buckwheat is valued for its adaptability, nutritional quality and potential to enhance sustainable cropping systems. However, yield instability and limited data on long-term genetic and nutritional stability remain key challenges. To address this, we conducted a nine-year field study (2012–2020) of the Slovenian variety Čebelica under Central European conditions, integrating agronomic, environmental, nutritional and genetic analyses. Grain yields varied widely (498.8–1418.0 kg ha−1), primarily due to climatic differences, with the precipitation as the dominant factor (F = 4.324, P = 0.027). Crop rotation explained 39.9 % of yield variation, with highest productivity following oats, maize or red clover. In contrast, protein (10.1–12.5 %) and fat (2.6–3.2 %) contents were highly stable (CV < 6 %), indicating robust physiological regulation. Micro-nutrient trends showed increasing iron and zinc, and decreasing sodium. Redundancy analysis revealed that precipitation, soil phosphorus and solar radiation explained over 75 % of trait variation, highlighting complex environmental control. Solar radiation influenced a trade-off between protein/fat and total phenolic content, suggesting metabolic shifts under varying light. Genetic analysis using nine SSR loci showed high diversity (Ho = 0.863) and a significant genetic shift between 2014 and 2015. Principal coordinate analysis and Mantel test (r = 0.556, P = 0.005) confirmed temporal genetic structuring, indicating ongoing adaptation despite the use of a single variety. These findings demonstrate that Čebelica is a nutritionally stable yet genetically dynamic variety, well suited for climate-resilient agriculture. This work offers rare, long-term insights into the ecological, agronomic and genetic dynamics of an underutilised but valuable crop.20262025-10-30 14:05:11Neznano23977UDK: 633.12ISSN pri članku: 1873-7331DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2025.127895COBISS_ID: 255446531sl