Immunophenotyping, activation, and expansion of gamma delta T cells: flow cytometry profiling and ex vivo manipulation strategiesRupar, Urška (Avtor) Bertoncelj, Pia (Avtor) Leben Zupet, Katja (Avtor) Markelj, Gašper (Avtor) Vesel, Tina (Avtor) Šamec, Neja (Avtor) Avčin, Tadej (Avtor) Pohar, Jelka (Avtor) Smole, Anže (Avtor) barrier immunitycellular immunotherapyflow cytometrygamma delta (γδ) T cellsimmune dysregulationimmunophenotypingγδ T cell activationγδ T cell expansionimmunologyGamma delta (γδ) T cells exhibit unique antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor properties. Advancing the fundamental understanding of γδ T cell immunobiology and unlocking their full therapeutic potential requires detailed immunophenotypic profiling alongside optimized strategies for ex vivo activation and expansion. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge of γδ T cell immunobiology, emphasizing (i) comprehensive phenotypic characterization using flow cytometry and (ii) emerging approaches for their therapeutic implementation, with a focus on activation and ex vivo expansion methods. By integrating insights from phenotypic analysis with a comparative evaluation of expansion techniques, we provide an overview of γδ T cell immunobiology and their translational potential in immunotherapy.20262026-08-03 11:28:37Neznano31461sl