Evolution of macrocell and microcell corrosion in concrete subjected to simulated tidingHren, Miha (Avtor) Kosec, Tadeja (Avtor) Legat, Andraž (Avtor) corrosioncoupled multi-electrode arraysimulated tidingreinforced concretemacrocell corrosionThe aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between macrocell and microcell corrosion processes in a concrete column exposed to tidal conditions simulated by sinusoidal water-level changes. Macrocell corrosion currents were continuously measured for 19 weeks along the column height using coupled multi-electrodes (CMEs). Cumulative corrosion damage and the morphology of corrosion products were analysed using X-ray microCT, SEM, and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed complex patterns of anodic and cathodic activity, including sinusoidal and switch-like current behaviour, which depended on the water level position and exposure time. Corrosion typically initiated in the upper tidal zone, but the most corroded individual electrode was located near mid-tide. Damage distribution was influenced by both microcell and macrocell corrosion, where microcell corrosion was most prevalent in the high-tide area, whereas macrocell activity contributed to corrosion damage in several exposure zones. SEM and Raman analyses confirmed a correlation between corrosion type and corrosion product morphology. An attempt was made to explain the recognised corrosion patterns along the vertical position and the ratios between microcell and macrocell corrosion on individual electrodes were esti- mated. Additionally, new questions were raised that highlight the complexity of corrosion processes under tidal cycling and emphasise the need for further research into these phenomena.Elsevier20262026-01-12 13:44:22Neznano25138sl© 2025 The Author(s)