Dataset for the article Utilisation of biomass and waste-derived ashes in the extrusion of fired clay bricks: mechanical properties, microstructure and leaching behaviour; DOI: This (ReadMe) file was created on 2026-05-10 by LEA ŽIBRET. ------------------- GENERAL INFORMATION ------------------- Dataset description: The dataset supports the data in the tables and figures in the research the article. It contains the original results of the XRF measurements, particle size distribution (PSD) measurements, the original data of the XRD analyses (for raw materials and fired bricks), the original results of the water absorption and shrinkage of the samples (firing in the gradient kiln), the original results of the ceramic-technological tests of bricks after drying and firing at 950 °C, the original results of the MIP, individual measurements of the pore diameter and the crack width by means of SEM and original ICP-MS measurements of fired bricks and raw materials. Author/leading researcher details Information about the author(s) Name and surname: Lea Žibret ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0132-0896 SICRIS ID: https://cris.cobiss.net/ecris/si/sl/researcher/34762 Institution: Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute Address: Dimičeva ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Email: lea.zibret@zag.si Role in this dataset: Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Investigation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Conceptualization, Visualization, Validation. Information about the author(s) Name and surname: Majda Pavlin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1701-8130 SICRIS ID: https://cris.cobiss.net/ecris/si/sl/researcher/40500 Institution: Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute Address: Dimičeva ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Email: majda.pavlin@zag.si Role in this dataset: Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Investigation, Formal analysis, Validation. Information about the author(s) Name and surname: Vilma Ducman ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6430-3305 SICRIS ID: https://cris.cobiss.net/ecris/si/sl/researcher/7316 Institution: Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute Address: Dimičeva ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Email: vilma.ducman@zag.si Role in this dataset: Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Conceptualization, Methodology, Funding acquisition, Project administration. Date of data collection: from 2022-12-12 to 2024-12-20. Geographical location of data collection: Ljubljana, Slovenia Information on the funders/programmes/projects that made the data collection possible: This research has been funded by the European Union under the AshCycle project, grant agreement no. 101058162, and partially supported by the Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency (ARIS) under research core grant no. P2-0273. ----------------------------- SHARING/ACCESSING INFORMATION ----------------------------- Data licences/restrictions: CC-BY 4.0 -------------- DATA AND FILES -------------- File list: - XLSX-Research data.ods - Description: Raw numerical data derived from XRF, PSD, XRD, gradient kiln and water absorption, ceramic-technological tests, MIP, SEM/EDXS and ICP-MS measurements used in the article. Details are described below. -------------------------- METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION -------------------------- Description of the methods used to collect/obtain the data: The experimental design and protocols used to collect the data are described in the Material and Methods of the article. ------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION: [Excel-Research data] ------------------------------------- Sample Abbreviations: F1–F4 = fly ashes; B1–B4 = bottom ashes; C = brick clay–marl mix. This dataset contains the original results of elemental analysis, as shown in Table 2 of the article. The chemical composition of the raw materials was determined using an ARL PERFORM’X sequential X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer. Header explain basic measurement parameters. Columns: Z – serial number of element/oxide; + - part of 100% sum; El/Ox – element/oxide measured; m/m% - concentration in weight percents; StdErr – Standard error of the measurement. Abbreviations: Eff.Diam. – disc diameter in mm; Eff.Area – measured area; LOI – loss on ignition at 950 °C; < - concentration is < 10 mg/kg; <2e – wt% < 2 StdErr. This dataset contains the original results of the particle size distribution (PSD) of ashes and clay, measured by laser diffraction granulometry using a Sync+FlowSync laser particle size analyser (Microtrack MRB) in wet dispersion measurement mode. For each sample two data tables are presented: Main percentiles: d(i) – percent passing; d(um) – grain diameter in µm; Density and cumulative distribution: d(um) – grain diameter in µm; q3(%) – percent retained ; Q3(%P) – cumulative percent passing The data are linked to Table 3 of the manuscript. This dataset contains the original results of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements of the raw materials shown in Fig. 1 of the article. The measurements were carried out using a PANalytical Empyrean X-ray diffractometer with CuK alpha radiation (wavelength CuK alpha 1 1.54 angstrom). Pos. [°2theta] - position - 2Theta (°): the scattering angle between the incident X-ray beam and the diffracted beam received by the detector Iobs [cts] - Intensity (counts) This dataset contains the original results for firing shrinkage and water absorption (WA) of samples fired in a gradient kiln, as shown in Fig. 2 of the article. Parameters are explained in the sheet. Charts graphically represent the measured data. This dataset contains the original results of the ceramic technological tests, as shown in Table 4 and Fig. 3. The tables for each sample are presented: - Shrinkage, weight loss, water obsorption; - Bending strength and density of bricks, fired at 950 °C; - Compressive strength of bricks, fired at 950 °C. Explanation of parameters: l – span between the support rods; breaking load – force necessary to cause the test specimen to break, as read from the pressure gauge. This dataset contains the original results for the pore distribution of the manufactured bricks, measured using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The data is linked to Table 6, Fig. 4a and Fig. 6 of the article. Header explains basic measurement parameters. Log Differential Intrusion - the rate of intrusion (change in specific volume) against the logarithm of the pore diameter. This dataset contains the original results of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements of the fired bricks presented in Table 5, Table 7, Supplement 2, and Supplement 3 of the article. The measurements were carried out using a PANalytical Empyrean X-ray diffractometer with CuK alpha radiation (wavelength CuK alpha 1 1.54 angstrom). Pos. [°2theta] - position - 2Theta (°): the scattering angle between the incident X-ray beam and the diffracted beam received by the detector Iobs [cts] - Intensity (counts) This dataset contains the original measurements of pore diameter and crack width for fired bricks, linked to Table 6, Fig. 5, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, and Table 9. Bricks were cut in two directions (parallel and perpendicular to the extrusion direction), cast in epoxy resin, dry polished, and coated with a carbon layer of approximately 15 nm thickness. Samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). This dataset contains the original leaching results for the bricks, as shown in Table 9 of the article. The leaching tests were conducted in accordance with standard EN 12457-2:2002. Notes: The columns following Sample name represent measured elements. For example, in “51 V [He]”, “51” is the selected isotope/mass of the measured chemical element, “V” is the measured chemical element (e.g. 51V (mass-to-charge ratio m/z = 51), and “[He]” the instrument is using helium collision cell mode during the measurement. Conc. RSD refers to the Relative Standard Deviation of Concentration. This dataset presents the original leaching results for raw materials listed in Table 9 of the article. The leaching tests were conducted in accordance with standard EN 12457-2:2002. Same parameters as at .