801. Forewarned is forearmed : harmonized approaches for early detection of potentially invasive pests and pathogens in sentinel plantingsCarmen Morales-Rodríguez, Sten Anslan, Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg, Sylvie Augustin, Yuri Baranchikov, Amani Bellahirech, Daiva Burokiene, Dovile Čepukoit, Ejup Çota, Kateryna Davydenko, Maarten De Groot, 2019, original scientific article Abstract: The number of invasive alien pest and pathogen species affecting ecosystem functioning, human health and economies has increased dramatically over the last decades. Discoveries of invasive pests and pathogens previously unknown to science or with unknown host associations yet damaging on novel hosts highlights the necessity of developing novel tools to predict their appearance in hitherto naïve environments. The use of sentinel plant systems is a promising tool to improve the detection of pests and pathogens before introduction and to provide valuable information for the development of preventative measures to minimize economic or environmental impacts. Though sentinel plantings have been established and studied during the last decade, there still remains a great need for guidance on which tools and protocols to put into practice in order to make assessments accurate and reliable. The sampling and diagnostic protocols chosen should enable as much information as possible about potential damaging agents and species identification. Consistency and comparison of results are based on the adoption of common procedures for sampling design and sample processing. In this paper, we suggest harmonized procedures that should be used in sentinel planting surveys for effective sampling and identification of potential pests and pathogens. We also review the benefits and limitations of various diagnostic methods for early detection in sentinel systems, and the feasibility of the results obtained supporting National Plant Protection Organizations in pest and commodity risk analysis.
Keywords: alien invasive pests, alien invasive pathogens, commodity risk analysis, early warning, sampling techniques, sentinel plants, pest risk analysis, prediction
Published in DiRROS: 01.07.2019; Views: 2277; Downloads: 1353
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803. Estimation of carbon fluxes from Eddy covariance data and satellite-derived vegetation indices in a Karst grassland (Podgorski Kras, Slovenia)Koffi Dodji Noumonvi, Mitja Ferlan, Klemen Eler, Giorgio Alberti, Alessandro Peressotti, Sofia Cerasoli, 2019, original scientific article Keywords: eddy covariance, carbon flux, GPP, NEE, vegetation indices, remote sensing, satellite data, GPP map
Published in DiRROS: 10.04.2019; Views: 2498; Downloads: 1513
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804. Consistency of impact assessment protocols for non-native speciesPablo González-Moreno, Lorenzo Lazzaro, Montserrat Vila, Cristina Preda, Tim Adriaens, Sven Bacher, Giuseppe Brundu, Gordon H. Copp, Franz Essl, Nikica Ogris, 2019, original scientific article Abstract: Standardized tools are needed to identify and prioritize the most harmful non-native species (NNS). A plethora of assessment protocols have been developed to evaluate the current and potential impacts of non-native species, but consistency among them has received limited attention. To estimate the consistency across impact assessment protocols, 89 specialists in biological invasions used 11 protocols to screen 57 NNS (2614 assessments). We tested if the consistency in the impact scoring across assessors, quantified as the coefficient of variation (CV), was dependent on the characteristics of the protocol, the taxonomic group and the expertise of the assessor. Mean CV across assessors was 40%, with a maximum of 223%. CV was lower for protocols with a low number of score levels, which demanded high levels of expertise, and when the assessors had greater expertise on the assessed species. The similarity among protocols with respect to the final scores was higher when the protocols considered the same impact types. We conclude that all protocols led to considerable inconsistency among assessors. In order to improve consistency, we highlight the importance of selecting assessors with high expertise, providing clear guidelines and adequate training but also deriving final decisions collaboratively by consensus.
Keywords: environmental impact, expert judgement, invasive alien species policy, management prioritization, risk assessment, socio-economic impact
Published in DiRROS: 03.04.2019; Views: 2224; Downloads: 983
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806. Strukturna pestrost gozdnih sestojev na Pahernikovi gozdni posestiAnže Martin Pintar, David Hladnik, 2018, original scientific article Abstract: Na Pahernikovi gozdni posesti je mogoče spremljati učinke in uspešnost vsaj polstoletnega gospodarjenja z raznomernimi gozdovi. Na podlagi podatkov kontrolne vzorčne metode in laserskega skeniranja Slovenije smo ocenjevali strukturno pestrost gozdnih sestojev s kazalniki in indeksi sestojnih gostot, vrstne in strukturne pestrosti debelinskih razredov, sestojnih višinskih razredov in njihovih zgornjih višin. Primerjali smo rabo zemljišč v katastrskih občinah, na katerih leži Pahernikova posest (k.o. Vuhred, Planina, Orlica in Hudi Kot), v letu 1825 z letom 2017. V vseh analiziranih katastrskih občinah se je delež gozda v tem obdobju stoletja povečal, na posesti pa se je povečal za 21,4 %. Razlike v sestojnih gostotah in kazalnikih sestojne pestrosti med sestoji, kjer gozda v začetku 19. stoletja ni bilo, in sestoji na ohranjenih gozdnih zemljiščih niso statistično značilne. V prevladujočem rastiščnem tipu kisloljubno gorsko-zgornjegorsko bukovje z belkasto bekico smo ocenili za 20 % višjo lesno zalogo od primerljivih gozdov tega rastiščnega tipa na Slovenskem. Ob višjih lesnih zalogah in visokih kazalnikih debelinske pestrosti v gozdovih na Pahernikovi posesti nismo ocenili višjih sestojnih gostot SDI kot v drugih rastiščno primerljivih gozdovih. Po gradientih nadmorskih višin smo ocenili razlike v višini in zgradbi sestojne strehe, ki vplivajo na gospodarjenje znotraj posameznega rastiščnega tipa.
Keywords: Franciscejski kataster, raba zemljišč, sestojna zgradba, LiDAR, sestojni višinski razredi, Pahernikova posest
Published in DiRROS: 04.02.2019; Views: 5420; Downloads: 3425
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807. Mnenje prebivalcev Slovenije o pomenu gozdov in gozdarstvaTina Simončič, Andrej Bončina, 2018, original scientific article Abstract: Namen raziskave je ugotoviti mnenje slovenske javnosti o pomenu gozdov in gospodarjenju z gozdovi in pri tem preveriti, pri katerih vsebinah so mnenja lastnikov in nelastnikov gozdov različna. Anketirali smo 1014 naključno izbranih polnoletnih državljanov RS proporcionalno glede na statistične regije. Vprašalnik je obsegal 10 sklopov ter 74 trditev zaprtega tipa s petstopenjsko Likertovo lestvico. Za prebivalce Slovenije so najpomembnejše okoljske funkcije, sledijo lesnoprizvodna in zaščitna funkcija, socialne funkcije, najmanj pomembni sta nabiralništvo in lovnogospodarska funkcija. Več kot 90 % anketiranih meni, da so gozdovi hkrati pomembni za različne funkcije. 74 % javnosti podpira prost dostop v gozdove, 60 % pa pravico prebivalcev do nabiranja gozdnih sadežev. Največ anketiranih meni, da naj država nameni več sredstev za okoljske funkcije. Z diskriminantno analizo smo ugotovili, da na razvrščanje na lastnike in nelastnike najbolj vplivajo mnenja o prostem dostopu do gozda in pomenu gozdov za rekreacijo.
Keywords: gospodarjenje z gozdovi, funkcije gozdov, javna anketa, vrednost gozdov, gozdarska politika, nelastniki gozdov, lastniki gozdov
Published in DiRROS: 04.02.2019; Views: 5583; Downloads: 3374
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808. Examination of stable carbon and oxygen isotopic variability in the cellulose and wholewood of Castanea sativa Mill., Fagus sylvatica L., Pinus sylvestris L. and Quercus robur L.B. Sladden, N.J. Loader, G.H.F. Young, D. McCarroll, 2018, original scientific article Abstract: This paper presents results from a comparison of wholewood and cellulose carbon and oxygen isotope ratios for four UK tree species. These species occur within the historic buildings archive as both primary and supplementary construction materials and have been used to reconstruct the climate of the past. New advances in the application of stable isotopes have widened the scope of the isotope approach, but require the time-consuming purification of cellulose. Comparison of the oxygen and carbon isotope signals preserved in the wood and cellulose components confirms and builds upon previous research in this field and provides additional insight into the covariance of these two sample types between species, an
Keywords: stable isotopes, tree ring, dendrochronology, dendroclimatology
Published in DiRROS: 04.02.2019; Views: 5127; Downloads: 3382
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809. Dendrokronološka analiza debelinskega priraščanja smreke (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) na območju njene naravne in umetne razširjenosti v SlovenijiSamo Stopar, Jernej Jevšenak, Andrej Kobler, Tom Levanič, 2018, original scientific article Abstract: Z dendrokronološkimi metodami smo analizirali debelinsko priraščanje smreke na osmih lokacijah v Sloveniji. Med njimi je bilo pet naravnih smrekovih združb, v druge je bila smreka umetno vnesena v preteklosti, oziroma je bil povečan njen naravni delež. Na vsaki ploskvi smo s prirastoslovnim svedrom odvzeli izvrtke najmanj 20 dreves. V dendrokronološkem laboratoriju smo jih posušili in zbrusili do visokega sijaja, nato pa skenirali s pomočjo sistema ATRICS ter izmerili širine branik v programih CooRecorder in CDendro. Ugotovili smo, da med naravnimi in antropogenimi rastišči ni značilnih razlik v debelinskem priraščanju. Na lokacijah Sorško polje, Ravnik in Mašun smo opazili spremembe v debelinskem priraščanju, ki kažejo, da se vpliv temperature zraka (toplejša poletja) in padavin (pogostejši pojav suše) na rast povečuje. Analiza značilnih let je pokazala, da so le-ta v zadnjih 30 letih pogostejša in da se pojavljajo na več lokacijah hkrati, predvsem pa se je povečalo število negativnih značilnih let, t.j. nadpovprečno toplih in suhih let.
Keywords: klimatske spremembe, naravna smrekova rastišča, antropogeno spremenjena rastišča smreke, dendrokronologija, Slovenija, debelinski prirastek
Published in DiRROS: 04.02.2019; Views: 5275; Downloads: 3810
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810. Ectomycorrhizae of Norway spruce from its southernmost natural distribution range in SerbiaMarina Katanić, Saša Orlović, Tine Grebenc, Marko Bajc, Saša Pekeč, Milan Drekić, Hojka Kraigher, original scientific article Abstract: Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) reaches its southernmost limit in the mountainous regions of south Serbia and Bulgaria. The species is a regionally important timber species for the wood industry and a significant host for various ectomycorrhizal fungi, including edible species. We analysed ectomycorrhizal community and fine root parameters of high continental / subalpine Norway spruce stands at three sites (Stara planina, Kopaonik, Tara) located in protected areas in Serbia. In addition, we assessed the potential effects of altitude and growing season on the ectomycorrhizal diversity and fine root parameters. Using standardised sampling in combination with morpho-anatomical and molecular identification of ectomycorrhizae, we recorded 29 different anatomorphotypes. None of the identified fungi belonged to commercial edible fungal species. Compared to other Norway spruce ectomycorrhiza studies in central Europe, sites in Serbia exhibited lower species diversity and different dominant species composition, with Cenococcum spp. and Russula spp. as the dominant ectomycorrhizal fungi. A number of ectomycorrhizal types and the value of the species richness index differed between Stara planina and Tara in the autumn, but the influence of site and season on the studied diversity indices was not significant. The total number of fine roots increased in the spring, while percentage of vital ectomycorrhizal root tips increased in the autumn. This study was the first examination of Norway spruce ectomycorrhizal communities at the edge of the natural geographical range of the species.
Keywords: ectomycorrhiza, Picea abies Karst, community structure, fine roots
Published in DiRROS: 22.01.2019; Views: 2635; Downloads: 1562
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