71. Outward Bound and outdoor adventure education : a scoping review, 1995-2019Timothy J. Mateer, Joshua Pighetti, Derrick Taff, Pete Allison, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Outdoor adventure education (OAE) programming is often referenced as an ef-fective intervention that encourages a wide array of outcomes in participants such as increased confidence, independence, and communication skills. However, as outdoor adventure education continues to increase globally, what does the academic literature say about the outcomes related to these programs? Hattie, Marsh, Neill, and Richards (1997) conducted the last major review of program efficacy in this realm. This updated scoping review, largely following PRISMA guidelines (Tricco et al., 2018), aims to summarize the academic literature on one of the primary outdoor adventure education providers internationally, Outward Bound (OB). Fifty-four studies, published betwe-en 1995 and 2019, have been summarized in this review. Utilizing Outward Bound International’s (OBI) framework of “people”, “place”, and “process”, themes and gaps in the literature are explored. Specifically, the OB literature has progressed since 1995 in demonstrating social and emotional outcomes in a variety of settings, a better understanding of the nature of effective programming, and further documenting the role the instructor plays in the learning experience. Recommendations are provided on developing more rigorous methodologies for future research, understanding the role of the physical environment in the learning experience, and utilizing theoretical approa-ches to integrate outdoor adventure education into broader academic realms
Ključne besede: outdoor education, adventure education, Outward Bound, emotional learning, experiental learning, scoping review
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.04.2024; Ogledov: 71; Prenosov: 44
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74. Body composition of young soccer playersErol Kovačević, Denis Čaušević, Seth Spicer, Siniša Kovač, Ivor Doder, Slavenko Likić, Boris Metikoš, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Purpose:The main aim of this study was to examine and analyse the body composi-tion of young soccer players across different age groups.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 126 young soccer players divided into age categories: U15 – 53 players (age=14.68±0.47); U17 – 51 players (age=16.47±0.50); U19 – 22 players (age=18.05±0.38). The subjects’ height was mea-sured using an anthropometer, while their body composition was measured using the TANITA BC-420MA digital scale. Results: On average, soccer players in the U15 group had significantly lower body height, weight, body mass index and fat free mass than U17 and U19 players, but had a higher percentage of body fat (p < 0.05). In addition to the percent of body fat mass, which tends to significantly decrease with age, the results also demonstrate significant non-linear increases in body height, weight, and lean body composition concurrent with the players’ ages.Conclusion:These results indicate that younger soccer players have lower abso-lute values of morphological characteristics compared to senior players.
Ključne besede: BMI, anthropometry, fitness, body fat, soccer
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75. Disordered eating attitudes, depressive symptomatology and alcohol consumption in young athletesUroš Perko, Maša Černelič Bizjak, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of disordered ea-ting behaviours and attitudes in Slovenian male and female categorized athletes in relation to depressive symptoms and their alcohol consumption. Methods: The sample included 198 categorized athletes between 18 and 20 years of age. The Eating Attitude Test, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test were used to measure disordered eating behaviours, level of depression, and alcohol use, respectively.Results: Significant differences were found between female and male at-hletes, with female athletes reporting higher levels of disordered eating atti-tudes and depressive symptoms. 13.90% of athletes reported clinically signi-ficant eating disorder symptoms, 40% reported clinically significant depres-sive symptoms, and 10.50% reported risky alcohol use.Results also showed that athletes with higher eating disorder attitudes had higher depressive levels.Conclusion: These findings have important practical value and point to the importance of building a professional team trained to recognize mental health problems in athletes in order to provide appropriate help.
Ključne besede: disordered eating behaviours, athletes, depression, alcohol consumption
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78. Experimental investigation of the shear force capacity of prismatic cross laminated timber beamsHenrik Danielsson, Tomaž Pazlar, Erik Serrano, Boris Azinović, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: Experimental tests of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) under in-plane beam loading conditions are presented. The influence of the element layup, the individual lamination width, and the beam overhang at the supports on the shear force capacity was investigated. All the CLT beams had the same gross cross section, and a 4-point-bending test setup was used. The experimentally determined load-bearing capacities are compared with the load-bearing capacities resulting from analytical methods proposed for structural design, focusing on shear failure in the crossing areas of flatwise bonded laminations (shear failure mode III). The test results indicate no or very small influence of the element layup and the lamination width on the shear force capacity. These results partly contradict the predictions of the proposed design methods. Of the three studied beam geometry parameters, the beam overhang at the support had the greatest influence on the load-bearing capacity.
Ključne besede: cross laminated timber, CLT, beam, shear testing, shear capacity, design methods
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79. Thermal characterisation of the cooling phase of post-flashover compartment firesAndrea Lucherini, Balša Jovanović, Jose L. Torero, Ruben Van Coile, Bart Merci, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: The main characteristics of the cooling phase of post-flashover compartment fires are studied using a simplified first-principles heat transfer approach to establish key limitations of more traditional methodologies (e.g., Eurocode). To this purpose, the boundary conditions during cooling are analysed. To illustrate the importance of a first-principles approach, a detailed review of the literature is presented followed by the presentation of a simplified numerical model. The model is constructed to calculate first-order thermal conditions during the cooling phase. The model is not intended to provide a precise calculation method but rather baseline estimates that incorporate all key thermal inputs and outputs. First, the thermal boundary conditions in the heating phase are approximated with a single (gas) temperature and the Eurocode parametric fire curves, to provide a consistent initial condition for the cooling phase and to be able to compare the traditional approach to the first- principles approach. After fuel burnout, the compartment gases become optically thin and temperatures decay to ambient values, while the compartment solid elements slowly cool down. For simplicity, convective cooling of the compartment linings is estimated using a constant convective heat transfer coefficient and all linings surfaces are assumed to have the same temperature (no net radiative heat exchange). All structural elements are assumed to be thermally thick. While these simplifications introduce quantitative errors, they enable an analytical solution for transient heat conduction in a semi-infinite solid that captures all key heat transfer processes. Comparisons between the results obtained using both approaches highlight how, even when considering the same fire energy input, the thermal boundary conditions according to the Eurocode parametric fire curves lead to an increase energy accumulated in the solid after fuel burnout and a delay in the onset of cooling. This is not physically correct, and it may lead to misrepresentation of the impact of post-flashover fires on structural behaviour.
Ključne besede: cooling phase, fire decay, fire dynamics, compartment fires, structural fire engineering, fire safety
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 15.04.2024; Ogledov: 61; Prenosov: 30
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80. An experimental apparatus for bench-scale fire testing using electrical heating padsAleksandra Seweryn, Andrea Lucherini, Jean-Marc Franssen, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Povzetek: This research study concerns an experimental, budget-friendly, electricity- powered apparatus for bench-scale fire testing. The apparatus consists of various elements, of which the most important are ceramic heating pads, used to impose heat fluxes on exposed surfaces of specimens. The test method allows to control the heating pads’ temperature and to adjust the distance between the heating pads and the specimen to obtain well-defined heat fluxes up to 50–60 kW/m2. Higher heat fluxes and temperatures can be obtained by setting the heating pads in full power mode, with or without the use of a thermal shield, which can lead to heat fluxes up to 150 kW/m2. The heating and thermal boundary conditions imposed by the apparatus are characterised and discussed, and the thickness of the convective boundary layer at the heating pads’ surface is estimated significantly lower than in the case of gas- fired radiant panels. The performance of the apparatus is analysed for various conditions: controlling the temperature of the heating pads, in an open environment or with the presence of thermal shields, and in full power mode. A few examples of application of the apparatus to fire test typical construction materials (steel and glass) are also presented. These results emphasise the well-defined heating conditions in temperature-controlled mode. The study finally discusses the advantages and limitations of the apparatus, as well as many possibilities of future applications and improvement for future research studies.
Ključne besede: radiant panels, fire testing, heat transfer, heat flux, electrical heating pads, thermal boundary conditions
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