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Ključne besede: morska biologija, biološke lastnosti, skupine vrst, habitatni tipi, morski ekosistemi, morska biodiverziteta, morska biološka raznovrstnost, Občina Koper, poročila
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 24.04.2024; Ogledov: 5; Prenosov: 0

Povzetek: After the continuous hot-rolling process, steel bars are immediately placed on the cooling bed. At the beginning of the cooling, the material is at high temperatures, and the yield strength is low. Due to thermal load, yield strength can be exceeded, and permanent plastic strains start accumulating, resulting in possible unwanted shape changes and residual stresses. The present paper aims to develop a thermo-mechanical model for studying and eliminating undesirable phenomena before the products leave the cooling bed. The governing equations are solved for the two-dimensional slice in a strong form, and a modified version of the radial basis function generated finite difference (RBF-FD) method [1]. The initial bar geometry is obtained from the existing meshless hot-rolling simulation system [2]. The thermal and mechanical models are one-way coupled, i.e. the temperature solution represents a driving force for the stress and strain solution. The temperature field is obtained with explicit propagation in time. The convective and radiative heat fluxes on the boundary are updated at each time step using the ray tracing procedure to determine the radiative heat flux. The mechanical part is solved by considering the small strain elasto-plasticity, where the isotropic von Mises temperature-dependent hardening is employed. The global system of nonlinear equations of the mechanical part is solved by the Newton-Raphson method. The closest point projection method is used to solve the constitutive relations. A sensitivity study is performed on the influence of cooling intensity on a rectangular steel bar’s temperature, stress and strain field. We defined the most influential factors for defect formation. For the first time, a novel meshless RBF-FD method is successfully used for solving such a complex industrial problem. The model will be perspectively upgraded from the slice to the three-dimensional model to enable also bending.
Ključne besede: cooling bed, steel bars, thermo-mechanics, strong form, meshless method
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 21.03.2024; Ogledov: 81; Prenosov: 45
Celotno besedilo (1,62 MB)
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Povzetek: This paper represents Part 2 of the parallel paper Part 1, where the strong form hybrid RBF-FD method was developed for solving thermo-elasto-plastic problems. It addresses the industrial application of this novel meshless method to steel bars cooling on a cooling bed (CB) where the formation of residual stress is of primary interest. The study investigates the impact of the distance between the bars and the distance to the heat shield above the CB on radiative heat fluxes and, consequently, on thermo-mechanical response. The thermal model is solved on bars cross-section with a RBF-FD method where augmented polyharmonic splines are used for the local approximation. View factors, computed with a Monte-Carlo method, are included in radiative heat fluxes. The thermal solution is incrementally applied on a mechanical model that assumes a generalised plane strain state and captures bars bending. The study employs a hybrid RBF-FD method to resolve a nonlinear discontinuous mechanical problem successfully. The simulation of the process shows how different process parameters influence the thermo-mechanical response of the bars.
Ključne besede: steel bars, cooling bed, thermo-mechanical modelling, hybrid radial basis function, generated finite differences, residual stresses
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 28.02.2024; Ogledov: 99; Prenosov: 62
Celotno besedilo (8,55 MB)
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Povzetek: Strong-form meshless methods received much attention in recent years and are being extensively researched and applied to a wide range of problems in science and engineering. However, the solution of elasto-plastic problems has proven to be elusive because of often non-smooth constitutive relations between stress and strain. The novelty in tackling them is the introduction of virtual finite difference stencils to formulate a hybrid radial basis function generated finite difference (RBF-FD) method, which is used to solve small-strain von Mises elasto-plasticity for the first time by this original approach. The paper further contrasts the new method to two alternative legacy RBF-FD approaches, which fail when applied to this class of problems. The three approaches differ in the discretization of the divergence operator found in the balance equation that acts on the non-smooth stress field. Additionally, an innovative stabilization technique is employed to stabilize boundary conditions and is shown to be essential for any of the approaches to converge successfully. Approaches are assessed on elastic and elasto-plastic benchmarks where admissible ranges of newly introduced free parameters are studied regarding stability, accuracy, and convergence rate.
Ključne besede: Von Mises elasto-plasticity, radial basis function, finite differences, polyharmonic splines, two dimensions, hybrid discretization
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 28.02.2024; Ogledov: 104; Prenosov: 55
Celotno besedilo (5,24 MB)
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Ključne besede: onkologija, rak dojke, psihologija
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 09.02.2023; Ogledov: 583; Prenosov: 101
Celotno besedilo (39,03 KB)