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Iskalni niz: "avtor" (Katarina Čufar) .

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1.
Temporal and spatial variability of phloem structure in Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica and its link to climate
Jožica Gričar, Jernej Jevšenak, Kyriaki Giagli, Klemen Eler, Dimitrios Tsalagkas, Vladimir Gryc, Hanuš Vavrčík, Katarina Čufar, Peter Prislan, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Using a unique 8-year data set (2010–2017) of phloem data, we studied the effect of temperature and precipitation on the phloem anatomy (conduit area, widths of ring, early and late phloem) and xylem-ring width in two coexisting temperate tree species, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica, from three contrasting European temperate forest sites. Histometric analyses were performed on microcores taken from tree stems in autumn. We found high interannual variability and sensitivity of phloem anatomy and xylem-ring widths to precipitation and temperature; however, the responses were species- and site-specific. The contrasting response of xylem and phloem-ring widths of the same tree species to weather conditions was found at the two Slovenian sites generally well supplied with precipitation, while at the driest Czech site, the influence of weather factors on xylem and phloem ring widths was synchronised. Since widths of mean annual xylem and phloem increments were narrowest at the Czech site, this site is suggested to be most restrictive for the radial growth of both species. By influencing the seasonal patterns of xylem and phloem development, water availability appears to be the most important determinant of tissue- and species-specific responses to local weather conditions.
Ključne besede: wood anatomy, early phloem, European beech, late phloem, Norway spruce, sieve element area, xylem-ring width
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 19.01.2024; Ogledov: 185; Prenosov: 84
.pdf Celotno besedilo (5,31 MB)
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2.
Early-warning signals of individual tree mortality based on annual radial growth
Maxime Cailleret, Vasilis Dakos, Steven Jansen, Elisabeth M.R. Robert, Tuomas Aakala, Mariano M. Amoroso, Joe A. Antos, Christof Bigler, Harald Bugmann, Marco Caccianaga, Katarina Čufar, Tom Levanič, 2019, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Tree mortality is a key driver of forest dynamics and its occurrence is projected to increase in the future due to climate change. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the physiological mechanisms leading to death, we still lack robust indicators of mortality risk that could be applied at the individual tree scale. Here, we build on a previous contribution exploring the differences in growth level between trees that died and survived a given mortality event to assess whether changes in temporal autocorrelation, variance, and synchrony in time-series of annual radial growth data can be used as early warning signals of mortality risk. Taking advantage of a unique global ring-width database of 3065 dead trees and 4389 living trees growing together at 198 sites (belonging to 36 gymnosperm and angiosperm species), we analyzed temporal changes in autocorrelation, variance, and synchrony before tree death (diachronic analysis), and also compared these metrics between trees that died and trees that survived a given mortality event (synchronic analysis). Changes in autocorrelation were a poor indicator of mortality risk. However, we found a gradual increase in interannual growth variability and a decrease in growth synchrony in the last %20 years before mortality of gymnosperms, irrespective of the cause of mortality. These changes could be associated with drought-induced alterations in carbon economy and allocation patterns. In angiosperms, we did not find any consistent changes in any metric. Such lack of any signal might be explained by the relatively high capacity of angiosperms to recover after a stress-induced growth decline. Our analysis provides a robust method for estimating early-warning signals of tree mortality based on annual growth data. In addition to the frequently reported decrease in growth rates, an increase in inter-annual growth variability and a decrease in growth synchrony may be powerful predictors of gymnosperm mortality risk, but not necessarily so for angiosperms.
Ključne besede: tree mortality, ring-width, forest, growth, resilience indicators, drought, biotic agents, variance
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 20.07.2022; Ogledov: 586; Prenosov: 386
.pdf Celotno besedilo (2,19 MB)
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3.
Dendrokronološke raziskave na kolišču Parte - Iščica, Ljubljansko barje, Slovenija
Katarina Čufar, Tom Levanič, Anton Velušček, 1999, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Na Ljubljanskem Barju v Sloveniji smo opravili dendrokronološke raziskave lesa iz eneolitskega koliščarske naselbine Parte-Iščica. Iz struge reke Iščice smo odvzeli vzorce 1237 kolov iz lesa jesena (Fraxinus sp.), jelše (Alnus glutinosa Gaertn.), bukve (Fagus sylvatica L.), jelke (Abies alba Mill.), javorja (Acer sp.), breze (Betula sp.), leske (Corylus sp.), belega gabra (Carpinus betulus L.), topola (Populus sp.), hrasta (Quercus sp.), vrbe (Salixsp.) in bresta (Ulmus sp.). Prevladovali so vzorci jesena, jelše in bukve s 70 %, 9 % in 7 %. Dendrokronološke analize smo opravili na jesenovih, bukovih, hrastovih in jelovih kolih, ki so imeli nad 45 branik. Na osnovi 285 relativno datiranih vzorcev smo sestavili dve jesenovi in eno bukovo kronologijo, dolžin 136, 113 in 105 let. Večje količine lesa, posekanega v istem koledarskem letu, nakazujejo potek gradbenih aktivnosti na kolišču. Po prvih rezultatih radiokarbonskega datiranja uvrščamo koliščarsko naselbino v prvo polovico tretjega tisočletja pred našim štetjem.
Ključne besede: arheologija mokrih tal, datiranje, dendrokronologija, arheološki les, kolišča, mlajša kamena doba, bakrena doba, Ljubljansko barje, jesen (drevo), bukev, Slovenija
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.11.2021; Ogledov: 2229; Prenosov: 1335
.pdf Celotno besedilo (950,76 KB)

4.
Umiranja jelke (Abies alba Mill.) v Sloveniji : pregled raziskav katedre za tehnologijo lesa
Katarina Čufar, 1997, pregledni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Predstavljamo pregled raziskav Katedre za tehnologijo lesa pod vodstvom dr. Torellija o propadanju jelke (Abies alba Mill.) v Sloveniji. Raziskave v obdobju 1985-1996 so vključevale spremljanje stanja jelke s pomočjo merjenja električne upornosti (EU), anatomske in fiziološke interpretacije meritev EU, upadanje rasti in prirastka, študij fenologije, reproduktivne rasti, pojava sekundarne krošnje, ugotavljanje vlažnosti in kvalitete lesa, število sluznih celic v skorji in travmatskih smolnih kanalov v lesu ter odziv lesa in skorje na poškodovanje
Ključne besede: jelka, Abies alba, propadanje, električna upornost, anatomija lesa, anatomija skorje, rast
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 03.11.2021; Ogledov: 2282; Prenosov: 1304
.pdf Celotno besedilo (874,15 KB)

5.
Transition dates from earlywood to latewood and early phloem to late phloem in Norway Spruce
Jožica Gričar, Katarina Čufar, Klemen Eler, Vladimir Gryc, Hanuš Vavrčík, Martin De Luis, Peter Prislan, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Climate change will affect radial growth patterns of trees, which will result in different forest productivity, wood properties, and timber quality. While many studies have been published on xylem phenology and anatomy lately, little is known about the phenology of earlywood and latewood formation, also in relation to cambial phenology. Even less information is available for phloem. Here, we examined year-to-year variability of the transition dates from earlywood to latewood and from early phloem to late phloem in Norway spruce (Picea abies) from three temperate sites, two in Slovenia and one in the Czech Republic. Data on xylem and phloem formation were collected during 2009-2011. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the specific contribution of growth rate and duration on wood and phloem production, separately for early and late formed parts. We found significant differences in the transition date from earlywood to latewood between the selected sites, but not between growth seasons in trees from the same site. It occurred in the first week of July at PAN and MEN and more than two weeks later at RAJ. The duration of earlywood formation was longer than that of latewood formation; from 31.4 days at PAN to 61.3 days at RAJ. In phloem, we found differences in transition date from early phloem to late phloem also between the analysed growth seasons; from 2.5 weeks at PAN to 4 weeks at RAJ Compared to the transition from earlywood to latewood the transition from early phloem to late phloem occurred 25-64 days earlier. There was no significant relationship between the onset of cambial cell production and the transition dates. The findings are important to better understand the inter-annual variability of these phenological events in spruce from three contrasting temperate sites, and how it is reflected in xylem and phloem anatomy.
Ključne besede: Picea abies, xylem formation, phloem formation, cambium, tracheid, sieve cell, conifer, temperate environment
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 22.03.2021; Ogledov: 1097; Prenosov: 808
.pdf Celotno besedilo (1,27 MB)
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Dendrokronološke raziskave na Založnici - najmlajši znani bakrenodobni koliščarski naselbini na Ljubljanskem barju
Katarina Čufar, Anton Velušček, 2003, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Predstavljamo rezultate raziskav lesa in drugih arheoloških najdb z zaščitnih izkopavanj v jarkih na ostankih bakrenodobne-eneolitske koliščarske naselbine Založnica pri Kamniku pod Krimom na Ljubljanskem barju. Od 1315 vzorcev lesa smo jih dendrokronološko raziskali 35%. Sestavili smo dve jesenovi (Fraxinus sp.) in eno hrastovo (Quercus sp.) kronologijo širin branik. Rekonstruirali smo gradbene aktivnosti na naselbini, ki so trajale 90 let. Ugotovili smo, da so se časovno prepletale z aktivnostmi na 10 km oddaljeni naselbini Parte, ki je obstajala istočasno. Na osnovi radiokarbonskih datacij konec gradbenih aktivnosti na Založnici datiramo v 25. stoletje pr. Kr. Naselbina v zadnjih 40 letih obstoja tvori najmlajšo znano eneolitsko koliščarsko naselbino na Ljubljanskem barju in v Sloveniji. Na podlagi datiranega lesa in primerjave drugih arheoloških najdb utemeljujemo uvrstitev naselbine v kulturo Somogyvár-Vinkovci, kar je novost pri interpretaciji poselitvenih sprememb pred nastopom bronaste dobe na območju Ljubljanskega barja, Slovenije in sosednjih dežel.
Ključne besede: kolišča, Ljubljansko barje, bakrena doba, arheologija, radiokarbonsko datiranje, dendrokronologija, arheološki les, hrast, jesen (drevo)
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 17.11.2020; Ogledov: 1131; Prenosov: 334
.pdf Celotno besedilo (770,35 KB)

9.
Low growth resilience to drought is related to future mortality risk in trees
Lucía De Soto, Maxime Cailleret, Frank Sterck, Steven Jansen, Koen Kramer, Elisabeth M.R. Robert, Tuomas Aakala, Mariano M. Amoroso, Christof Bigler, Jesus Julio Camarero, Katarina Čufar, Tom Levanič, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Severe droughts have the potential to reduce forest productivity and trigger tree mortality. Most trees face several drought events during their life and therefore resilience to dry conditions might be crucial to long-term survival. We assess how growth resilience to severe droughts, including its components resistance and recovery, is related to the ability to survive future droughts by using a tree-ring database of surviving and now-dead trees from 118 sites (22 species, >3,500 trees). We find that, across the variety of regions and species sampled, trees that died during water shortages were less resilient to previous non-lethal droughts, relative to coexisting surviving trees of the same species. In angiosperms, drought-related mortality risk is associated with lower resistance (low capacity to reduce impact of the initial drought), while it is related to reduced recovery (low capacity to attain pre-drought growth rates) in gymnosperms. The different resilience strategies in these two taxonomic groups open new avenues to improve our understanding and prediction of drought-induced mortality. Resilience to drought is crucial for tree survival under climate change. Here, DeSoto et al. show that trees that died during drought were less resilient to previous dry events compared to surviving conspecifics, but the resilience strategies differ between angiosperms and gymnosperms.
Ključne besede: trees, mortality, gymnosperms, angiosperms, drought, resilience, resistance, recovery
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 20.02.2020; Ogledov: 1704; Prenosov: 1075
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10.
Les Banove hiše v Artičah kot zgodovinski arhiv
Katarina Čufar, Dušan Strgar, Maks Merela, Robert Brus, 2013, izvirni znanstveni članek

Povzetek: Opravili smo raziskave lesa in dendrokronološko datiranje brun iz zunanjih sten stare Banove hiše iz vasi Artiče pri Brežicah. Bruna so bila iz lesa različnih hrastov - gradna (Quercus petraea), doba (Quercus robur) in cera (Quercus cerris), domačega kostanja (Castanea sativa) in navadne smreke (Piceaabies). Z dendrokronološkim datiranjem smo bruna razvrstili v skupine z leti zadnje branike 1535 (2 bruni - cer in dob/graden), 1563-1592 (8 brun - 5 cer in 3 dob/graden), 1613-1720 (3 bruna - dob/graden), 1779-1792 (7 brun - 4 dob/graden in 3 kostanj) in Ž 1913 (10 brun smreke). Les različnih lesnih vrst in datumov poseka je bil premešan po celotnem ostenju, kar nakazuje, da je bila hiša večkrat predelana, pri predelavah pa so ponovno uporabili les iz iste hiše ali drugih objektov. Ugotovitve o starosti in vrsti lesa smo dopolnili s podatki iz gozdarskih virov, ki kažejo, da je vgrajeni les najverjetneje lokalnega izvora.
Ključne besede: identifikacija lesa, dendrokornologija, datiranje, stavbna dediščina, stavbni les, Slovenija
Objavljeno v DiRROS: 12.07.2017; Ogledov: 4521; Prenosov: 2220
.pdf Celotno besedilo (939,25 KB)

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