Ekosistemske storitve urbanih gozdov za rezervni vodni vir
Gozdovi s svojimi ekosistemskimi storitvami pomembno prispevajo k varovanju vodnih virov, posebno v urbanih okoljih. V članku predstavljamo metodologijo za oceno ekosistemskih storitev urbanih gozdov za varovanje rezervnega vodnega vira, pri čemer je to prva tovrstna neekonomska ocena. Da bi lahko primerjali ekosistemske storitve gozdov za varovanje vodnih virov z drugimi rabami tal, smo za vodozbirno zaledje rezervnega vodnega vira izbrali kazalnike za ohranjanje kakovosti voda, uravnavanje količine voda in zmanjševanje onesnaženosti zraka za urbane gozdove in druge rabe tal v študijskem območju. Za vsak kazalnik smo izračunali relativni prispevek posamezne rabe tal k ekosistemski storitvi varovanja vodnih virov, in sicer za (1) kmetijska zemljišča, (2) travniki in opuščena kmetijska zemljišča, (3) urbani gozd, (4) mokrišča, močvirja in poplavne ravnice ter (5) pozidano zemljišče. Ugotovili smo, da urbani gozdovi v znatno večji meri prispevajo k ekosistemski storitvi varovanja vodnih virov kot druge rabe tal. Največji prispevek urbanih gozdov je bil ugotovljen pri ohranjanju kakovosti voda ter zmanjševanju onesnaženosti zraka, kjer so kazalniki znatno višji kot za travnike ali kmetijska zemljišča. Prav tako je bil ugotovljen velik prispevek urbanih gozdov k uravnavanju količine voda, ki pa je bil višji za mokrišča, močvirja in poplavne ravnice. K ekosistemskim storitvam varovanja vodnih virov je glede na izbrane kazalnike največji skupni relativni prispevek urbanih gozdov (2,4), katerim sledijo travniki in opuščena kmetijska zemljišča (1,6). Mokrišča, močvirja oziroma poplavne ravnice (1,3) prispevajo podobno kot kmetijska zemljišča (1,2). Najmanjši relativni skupni relativni prispevek pa smo ugotovili za pozidane površine (0,0). Glede na velik prispevek urbanih gozdov k ekosistemski storitvi varovanja vodnih virov v primerjavi z drugimi rabami tal bi bilo smiselno njihov delež ohraniti ali v II. in III. vodovarstvenem območju celo povečati. Vsekakor pa bi bilo priporočljivo omejiti širjenje urbanizacije ter druge človekove dejavnosti, ki ogrožajo vodne vire.
Through their ecosystem services, forests play an important role in protecting water resources, especially in urban environments. This paper presents a methodology for assessing ecosystem services of urban forests for the protection of a reserve water resource, representing the first such non-economic assessment. In order to compare ecosystem services of forests and other land use types, we selected indicators for forests and the other land use types, related to water purification, water flow regulation, and air pollution reduction for the catchment area for the reserve water source. For each indicator, the relative contribution of individual land use type to an ecosystem service for the protection of water resources was calculated: (1) agricultural land, (2) grassland and abandoned agricultural land, (3) urban forest, (4) wetlands, marshes and flood plains, and (5) built-up areas. The results of this study show that urban forests contribute more to the ecosystem service of protecting water resources compared to other land use types. The highest contribution of urban forests has been found for air pollution reduction, where indicators are significantly higher than for agricultural land or meadows. There was also a high contribution of urban forests to water flow regulation, which was similar to the one of wetlands, marshes and floodplains. According to the selected indicators, the relative contribution to the ecosystem services for the protection of water resources is the largest for urban forests (2.4), followed by meadows and abandoned agricultural land (1.6). Wetlands, swamps and floodplains (1.3) have similar contribution as cropland (1.2). However, build-up areas have the smallest total relative contribution (0.0). According to the results of this study, urban forests contribute largely to the ecosystem services in protecting water resources compared to other land use types. Therefore, their surface should be preserved or even increased in water protection zones II and III. Nevertheless, it is advisable to limit the spread of the urbanization and other human activities that threaten water resources.
2020
2020-05-02 09:45:38
1060
urbani gozdovi, ekosistemske storitve, oskrba s pitno vodo, raba tal, zelena infrastruktura
urban forests, ecosystem services, drinking water supply, land use, green infrastructure
r6
Urša
Vilhar
70
Erika
Kozamernik
70
UDK
4
630*9+630*116
ISSN pri članku
9
0017-2723
COBISS_ID
3
13025283
OceCobissID
13
3736834
GV_2020_st_03_final_VilharU.pdf
587747
Predstavitvena datoteka
2020-05-02 09:45:54